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Current vapor-compression technology is based on the gas-liquid transition of hazardous gas. The alternative cooling technology focuses on the solid caloric material. A new liquid barocaloric material, i.e. the liquid crystal, is proved to…
This paper aims to give non-expert engineers and scientists working in the domain of accelerators a general introduction to the main disciplines and technologies involved in the design and construction of accelerator cryostats. Far from…
Here, we report a process of metallic sealing using small well-separated Ag nanorods; the process is at room temperature under a small mechanical pressure of 9.0 MPa, and also in ambient. The metallic seals have an air leak rate of 1.1 x…
Solid-state cooling is an environmentally friendly and highly scalable technology that may solve most of the problems associated with current refrigerant methods. Solid-state cooling consists of applying external fields on caloric…
A proof is developed from first principles, independent of general relativity and of thermodynamics, that there exists a threshold acceleration above which radiation (real particle creation) from the vacuum must occur. The radiation is not…
Lattice dynamics play a crucial role in understanding the physical mechanisms of cutting-edge energy materials. Many excellent energy materials have complex multiple-sublattice structures, with intricate lattice dynamics, and the underlying…
Nematic elastomers are a particular class of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) that exhibit both liquid-crystalline order and rubber (entropic) elasticity. This combination makes them stimuli-responsive soft materials with a number of…
Possible applications of carbon nanotubes in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs) based on rela-tive motion and interaction of nanotubes walls are considered for wide set of NEMS. This set includes nanomotors, nanoactuator, nanorelay,…
Ion sources are a critical component of all particle accelerators. They create the initial beam that is accelerated by the rest of the machine. This paper will introduce the many methods of creating a beam for high-power hadron…
Several mechanisms cause a granular material to strengthen over time at low applied stress. The strength is determined from the maximum frictional force F_max experienced by a shearing plate in contact with wet or dry granular material…
The paper gives an overview of the principles of particle accelerators and their historical development. After introducing the basic concepts, the main emphasis is on sketching the layout of modern storage rings and discussing their…
Materials that can be deformed by thermal stresses at room temperature are called soft materials. Colloidal suspensions comprising solid particles evenly distributed in a fluid phase (smoke, fog, ink and milk, for example),…
As the next generation of large accelerator-based facilities are being considered at the Snowmass 2021 study high priority has to be given to environmental sustainability including energy consumption, natural resource use and the…
In nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics experiments, calorimeters are used to measure the properties of particles with kinetic energies that range from a fraction of 1 eV to 10^20 eV or more. These properties are not necessarily…
The recent discovery that neutrinos have mass opens a wide new field of experimentation. Accelerator-made neutrinos are essential. Ideas for future facilities include superbeams beta-beams and neutrino factories, each associated with one or…
The use of electrical motors and other remote systems are important tools in radiation environments. Certain harsh radiation environments, such as particle accelerators, require the use of remote systems during operation. Stepper motors are…
Caustics are a generic feature of the nonlinear growth of structure in the dark matter distribution. If the dark matter were absolutely cold, its mass density would diverge at caustics, and the integrated annihilation probability would also…
Over 85% of all chemical industry products are made using catalysts, with the overwhelming majority of these employing heterogeneous catalysts functioning at the gas-solid interface. Consequently, optimizing catalytic reactor design…
A comparative study of thawing and tracking models of dark energy is carried out with the help of a dynamical systems analysis. It is found that both of them have stable solutions which are consistent with the requirement of a dark energy.…
Masers once represented the state-of-the-art in low noise microwave amplification technology, but eventually became obsolete due to their need for cryogenic cooling. Masers based on solid-state spin systems perform most effectively as…