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We consider ramified coverings of P^1 with arbitrary ramification type over 0 and infinity and simple ramifications elsewhere and prove that the generating function for the numbers of such coverings is a tau-function for the Toda lattice…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Andrei Okounkov

Hurwitz numbers count branched covers of the sphere and have been of interest in various fields of mathematics. Motivated by the Matching-Jack conjecture of Goulden and Jackson, Chapuy and Do\l\k{e}ga recently introduced a notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-19 Valentin Bonzom , Victor Nador

We consider weighted double Hurwitz numbers, with the weight given by arbitrary rational function times an exponent of the completed cycles. Both special singularities are arbitrary, with the lengths of cycles controlled by formal…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Boris Bychkov , Petr Dunin-Barkowski , Maxim Kazarian , Sergey Shadrin

Double Hurwitz numbers have at least four equivalent definitions. Most naturally, they count covers of the Riemann sphere by genus g curves with certain specified ramification data. This is classically equivalent to counting certain…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-03-08 Paul Johnson

We introduce a generalization of the Stirling numbers via symmetric functions involving two weight functions. The resulting extension unifies previously known Stirling-type sequences with known symmetric function forms, as well as other…

In this paper we shall define a special-valued multiple Hurwitz zeta functions, namely the multiple $t$-values $t(\boldsymbol{\alpha})$ and define similarly the multiple star $t$-values as $t^{\star}(\boldsymbol{\alpha})$. Then we consider…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Chan-Liang Chung

Okounkov's generating function of the double Hurwitz numbers of the Riemann sphere is a hypergeometric tau function of the 2D Toda hierarchy in the sense of Orlov and Scherbin. This tau function turns into a tau function of the lattice KP…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-03-16 Kanehisa Takasaki

We derive an explicit formula for the connected $(n,m)$-point functions associated to an arbitrary diagonal tau-function $\tau_f(\boldsymbol{t}^+,\boldsymbol{t}^-)$ of the 2d Toda lattice hierarchy using fermionic computations and the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-11-07 Zhiyuan Wang , Chenglang Yang

In this paper, we discuss the properties of the generating functions of spin Hurwitz numbers. In particular, for spin Hurwitz numbers with arbitrary ramification profiles, we construct the weighed sums which are given by Orlov's…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Alexander Alexandrov , Sergey Shadrin

We present the q-deformed multivariate hypergeometric functions related to Schur polynomials as tau-functions of the KP and of the two-dimensional Toda lattice hierarchies. The variables of the hypergeometric functions are the higher times…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Yu. Orlov , D. M. Scherbin

We give an explicit representation for the sums of multiple zeta-star values of fixed weight and height in terms of Riemann zeta values.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Takashi Aoki , Yasuo Ohno

The generating function of double Hurwitz numbers is known to become a tau function of the Toda hierarchy. The associated Lax and Orlov-Schulman operators turn out to satisfy a set of generalized string equations. These generalized string…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Kanehisa Takasaki

We present a version of the weighted cellular matrix-tree theorem that is suitable for calculating explicit generating functions for spanning trees of highly structured families of simplicial and cell complexes. We apply the result to give…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-24 Ghodratollah Aalipour , Art M. Duval , Woong Kook , Kang-Ju Lee , Jeremy L. Martin

This paper is a brief review of recent results on the concept of ``generalized $\tau$-function'', defined as a generating function of all the matrix elements in a given highest-weight representation of a universal enveloping algebra ${\cal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-01 A. Mironov

We present a review of the spin Hurwitz numbers, which count the ramified coverings with spin structures. They are related to peculiar $Q$ Schur functions, which are actually related to characters of the Sergeev group. This allows one to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-10-15 A. D. Mironov , A. Yu Morozov , S. M. Natanzon , A. Yu Orlov

Monotone Hurwitz numbers were introduced by the authors as a combinatorially natural desymmetrization of the Hurwitz numbers studied in enumerative algebraic geometry. Over the course of several papers, we developed the structural theory of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-02 I. P. Goulden , Mathieu Guay-Paquet , Jonathan Novak

In the present paper we construct the star products concerning scalar fields in the covariant case from a new approach. We construct the star products at three levels, which are levels of functions on Rd, fields and functionals…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Zhou Mai

We introduce a new generalization of Stirling numbers of the second kind and analyze their properties, including generating functions, integral representations, and recurrence relations. These numbers are used to approximate Riemann zeta…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-09 Kamel Mezlini , Tahar Moumni , Najib Ouled Azaiez

The universal Witham hierarchy is considered from the point of view of topological field theories. The $\tau$-function for this hierarchy is defined. It is proved that the algebraic orbits of Whitham hierarchy can be identified with various…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 I. M. Krichever

We consider special series in ratios of the Schur functions which are defined by integers $\textsc{f}\ge 0$ and $\textsc{e} \le 2$, and also by the set of $3k$ parameters $n_i,q_i,t_i,\,i=1,..., k$. These series may be presented in form of…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-01-30 S. M. Natanzon , A. Yu. Orlov