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Multi-messenger astronomy offers a powerful approach to studying high-energy radiative processes in astrophysical sources. A notable example was seen in 2017, when the IceCube Neutrino Observatory detected a high-energy neutrino event that…

Blazars are thought to emit highly-collimated outflows, so-called jets. By their close alignment to our line of sight, relativistic beaming effects enable us to observe these jets over the whole electromagnetic spectrum up to TeV energies,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-08-20 Robert Wagner

Blazars are promising targets for neutrino astronomy, as highlighted by IceCube's identification of TXS 0506+056 as a cosmic neutrino source candidate. High-frequency-peaked BL Lacs (HBLs) stand out due to their characteristic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-03 Francesco Carenini , Giulia Illuminati

Individual astrophysical sources previously detected in neutrinos are limited to the Sun and the supernova 1987A, whereas the origins of the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos remain unidentified. On 22 September 2017 we detected…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-29 The IceCube , Fermi-LAT , MAGIC , AGILE , ASAS-SN , HAWC , H. E. S. S , INTEGRAL , Kanata , Kiso , Kapteyn , Liverpool telescope , Subaru , Swift/NuSTAR , VERITAS , VLA/17B-403 teams

Blazars are very broadband cosmic sources with spectra spanning over twenty orders of magnitude in frequency, down to the 100 MHz regime in the radio range, up to VHE at several tens of TeV. The modelling of their spectral energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-08 Hélène Sol , Andreas Zech

Recent detection of the neutrino events IceCube-170922A, 13 muon-neutrino events observed in 2014-2015 and IceCube-141209A by IceCube observatory from the Blazars, namely TXS 0506+056, PKS 0502+049/TXS 0506+056 and GB6 J1040+0617…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-08 Prabir Banik , Arunava Bhadra , Madhurima Pandey , Debasish Majumdar

Models of blazar jets, that explain observations of their photon spectra, typically predict too few neutrinos to be possibly seen by existing telescopes. In particular, they fall short in reproducing the first neutrino ever detected from a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-03 Andrea Giovanni De Marchi , Alessandro Granelli , Jacopo Nava , Filippo Sala

Past results from the IceCube Collaboration have suggested that the blazar TXS 0506+056 is a potential source of astrophysical neutrinos. However, in the years since there have been numerous updates to event processing and reconstruction,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-28 William Luszczak

The blazar 3C 454.3 experienced a major flare in November 2010, making it the brightest $\gamma$-ray source in the sky of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). We obtain seven daily consecutive spectral-energy distributions (SEDs) of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-26 Egor Podlesnyi , Foteini Oikonomou

Neutrino emission in coincidence with gamma rays has been observed from the blazar TXS 0506+056 by the IceCube telescope. Neutrinos from the blazar had to pass through a dense spike of dark matter (DM) surrounding the central black hole.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-15 James M. Cline , Shan Gao , Fangyi Guo , Zhongan Lin , Shiyan Liu , Matteo Puel , Phillip Todd , Tianzhuo Xiao

The recent observation of high-energy neutrinos from the 2017 flare of the blazar TXS~0506+056, together with counterparts across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, opens up new possibilities for investigating the properties of this class…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-11 Andrey Saveliev , Rafael Alves Batista

The discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube kicked off a new line of research to identify the electromagnetic counterparts producing these neutrinos. Among the extragalactic sources, active galactic nuclei (AGN), and in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-02-13 C. Righi , F. Tavecchio , L. Pacciani

Blazars have been suggested as possible neutrino sources long before the recent IceCube discovery of high-energy neutrinos. We re-examine this possibility within a new framework built upon the blazar simplified view and a self-consistent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-06 P. Padovani , M. Petropoulou , P. Giommi , E. Resconi

Extreme blazars have exceptionally hard intrinsic X-ray/TeV spectra and extreme peak energies in their spectral energy distribution (SED). Observational evidence suggests that the non-thermal emission from extreme blazars is typically…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-22 Pranjupriya Goswami , Michael Zacharias , Andreas Zech , Sunil Chandra , Markus Boettcher , Iurii Sushch

On July 30th, 2019 IceCube detected a high-energy astrophysical muon neutrino candidate, IC-190730A, with a $67\%$ probability of astrophysical origin. The flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) PKS 1502+106 is in the error circle of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-09 Foteini Oikonomou , Maria Petropoulou , Kohta Murase , Aaron Tohuvavohu , Georgios Vasilopoulos , Sara Buson , Marcos Santander

The BL Lac Markarian 501 exhibited two flaring activities in the very-high-energy (VHE) band in May 2009. The lack of correlation between X-rays and TeV gamma-rays without increasing in other bands suggested that more than one emission zone…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-17 E. Aguilar-Ruiz , N. Fraija , A. Galván-G ámez

A prominent, 200-pc-scale high-energy nebula surrounding the microquasar V4641~Sgr is the brightest known gamma-ray source in the Southern sky at $E > 100\,\mathrm{TeV}$. In this paper, we develop self-consistent leptonic, hadronic, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-16 Maksim Kleimenov , Andrii Neronov , Foteini Oikonomou , Dmitri Semikoz

We show that high-energy neutrinos can be efficiently produced in X-ray binaries with relativistic jets and high-mass primary stars. We consider a system where the star presents a dense equatorial wind and the jet has a small content of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Hugo R. Christiansen , Mariana Orellana , Gustavo E. Romero

A detailed multi-messenger study of the high-energy emission from the Galactic plane is possible nowadays thanks to the observations provided by gamma and neutrino telescopes and could be mandatory in order to obtain a consistent scenario.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-08-29 G. Pagliaroli , F. L. Villante

The processes governing the production of astrophysical high-energy neutrinos are still debated, and the sources originating them remain an open question. Among the putative emitters, active galactic nuclei have gained increasing attention.…