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The strong chromatic number, $\chi_S(G)$, of an $n$-vertex graph $G$ is the smallest number $k$ such that after adding $k\lceil n/k\rceil-n$ isolated vertices to $G$ and considering {\bf any} partition of the vertices of the resulting graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Maria Axenovich , Ryan R. Martin

For a bipartite graph $G$ with parts $X$ and $Y$, an $X$-interval coloring is a proper edge coloring of $G$ by integers such that the colors on the edges incident to any vertex in $X$ form an interval. Denote by $\chi'_{int}(G,X)$ the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Carl Johan Casselgren

A Star Coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring such that every path on four vertices uses at least three distinct colors. The minimum number of colors required for such a star coloring of G is called star chromatic number, denoted…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Sriram Bhyravarapu , I. Vinod Reddy

Let $G$ be a graph with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$ and maximum multiplicity $\mu(G)$. Vizing and Gupta, independently, proved in the 1960s that the chromatic index of $G$ is at most $\Delta(G)+\mu(G)$. The distance between two edges $e$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Yan Cao , Guantao Chen , Guangming Jing , Xuli Qi , Songling Shan

Given a graph $G$ possibly with multiple edges but no loops, denote by $\Delta$ the {\it maximum degree}, $\mu$ the {\it multiplicity}, $\chi'$ the {\it chromatic index} and $\chi_f'$ the {\it fractional chromatic index} of $G$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-13 Guantao Chen , Yuping Gao , Ringi Kim , Luke Postle , Songling Shan

Let $\Delta(G)$ and $\chi'(G)$ be the maximum degree and chromatic index of a graph $G$, respectively. Appearing in different forms, Gupta\,(1967), Goldberg\,(1973), Andersen\,(1977), and Seymour\,(1979) made the following conjecture: Every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Guangming Jing

For a proper vertex coloring $c$ of a graph $G$, let $\varphi_c(G)$ denote the maximum, over all induced subgraphs $H$ of $G$, the difference between the chromatic number $\chi(H)$ and the number of colors used by $c$ to color $H$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-11-19 N. R. Aravind , Subrahmanyam Kalyanasundaram , R. B. Sandeep , Naveen Sivadasan

A vertex coloring of a given graph $G$ is conflict-free if the closed neighborhood of every vertex contains a unique color (i.e. a color appearing only once in the neighborhood). The minimum number of colors in such a coloring is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-07 Michał Dębski , Jakub Przybyło

A dynamic coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper coloring such that for every vertex $v\in V(G)$ of degree at least 2, the neighbors of $v$ receive at least 2 colors. It was conjectured [B. Montgomery. {\em Dynamic coloring of graphs}. PhD…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-25 Meysam Alishahi

An $r$-dynamic $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring such that for any vertex $v$, there are at least $\min\{r,\deg_G(v) \}$ distinct colors in $N_G(v)$. The $r$-dynamic chromatic number $\chi_r^d(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-25 Seog-Jin Kim , Boram Park

Given an arbitrary graph $G$ we study the chromatic number of a random subgraph $G_{1/2}$ obtained from $G$ by removing each edge independently with probability $1/2$. Studying $\chi(G_{1/2})$ has been suggested by Bukh~\cite{Bukh}, who…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-03 Igor Shinkar

Irredundance coloring of $G$ is a proper coloring in which there exists a maximal irredundant set $R$ such that all the vertices of $R$ have different colors. The minimum number of colors required for an irredundance coloring of $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-30 David Ashok Kalarkop , Pawaton Kaemawichanurat

Recently, Behr introduced a notion of the chromatic index of signed graphs and proved that for every signed graph $(G$, $\sigma)$ it holds that \[ \Delta(G)\leq\chi'(G\text{, }\sigma)\leq\Delta(G)+1\text{,} \] where $\Delta(G)$ is the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Robert Janczewski , Krzysztof Turowski , Bartłomiej Wróblewski

The least $k$ admitting a proper edge colouring $c:E\to\{1,2,\ldots,k\}$ of a graph $G=(V,E)$ without isolated edges such that $\sum_{e\ni u}c(e)\neq \sum_{e\ni v}c(e)$ for every $uv\in E$ is denoted by $\chi'_{\Sigma}(G)$. It has been…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-08 Jakub Przybyło

A strong edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is a coloring of edges of $G$ such that every color class forms an induced matching. The strong chromatic index is the minimum number of colors needed to color the graph. The Ore-degree $\theta(G)$ of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Seth Nelson , Gexin Yu

A star edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring with no 2-colored path or cycle of length four. The star edge coloring problem is to find an edge coloring of a given graph $G$ with minimum number $k$ of colors such that $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-08 Yichen Wang , Mei Lu

An $acyclic$ edge coloring of a graph is a proper edge coloring such that there are no bichromatic cycle s. The \emph{acyclic chromatic index} of a graph is the minimum number k such that there is an acyclic e dge coloring using k colors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-20 Manu Basavaraju , L. Sunil Chandran

A coloring of the edges of a graph $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ is totally multicolored is known as a proper coloring and a coloring of the edges of $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ and every $K_{2,2}$ is totally multicolored is called a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Ryan R. Martin , Miklós Ruszinkó , Gábor N. Sárközy

Let $G=(V(G), E(G))$ be a multigraph with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$, chromatic index $\chi'(G)$ and total chromatic number $\chi''(G)$. The Total Coloring conjecture proposed by Behzad and Vizing, independently, states that $\chi''(G)\leq…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-17 Yan Cao , Guantao Chen , Guangming Jing

We show that for a simple graph $G$, $c'(G)\leq\Delta(G)+2$ where $c'(G)$ is the choice index (or edge-list chromatic number) of $G$, and $\Delta(G)$ is the maximum degree of $G$. As a simple corollary of this result, we show that the total…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-09 M. Henderson , A. J. W. Hilton , R. Mary Jeya Jothi