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The frog model is a stochastic model for the spreading of an epidemic on a graph, in which a dormant particle starts to perform a simple random walk on the graph and to awake other particles, once it becomes active. We study two versions of…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-29 Elcio Lebensztayn , Mario Andres Estrada

The frog model is an infection process in which dormant particles begin moving and infecting others once they become infected. We show that on the rooted $d$-ary tree with particle density $\Omega(d^2)$, the set of visited sites contains a…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-18 Christopher Hoffman , Tobias Johnson , Matthew Junge

The frog model is a branching random walk on a graph in which particles branch only at unvisited sites. Consider an initial particle density of $\mu$ on the full $d$-ary tree of height $n$. If $\mu= \Omega( d^2)$, all of the vertices are…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-04 Christopher Hoffman , Tobias Johnson , Matthew Junge

We study the frog model on Cayley graphs of groups with polynomial growth rate $D \geq 3$. The frog model is an interacting particle system in discrete time. We consider that the process begins with a particle at each vertex of the graph…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-05-04 Cristian F. Coletti , Lucas R. de Lima

Consider a stochastic growth model on $\mathbb{Z} ^d$. Start with some active particle at the origin and sleeping particles elsewhere. The initial number of particles at $x \in \mathbb{Z} ^d$ is $\eta(x)$, where $\eta (x)$ are independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-05-03 Viktor Bezborodov , Tyll Krueger

The frog model is an interacting particle system on a graph. Active particles perform independent simple random walks, while sleeping particles remain inert until visited by an active particle. Some number of sleeping particles are placed…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-06-12 Tobias Johnson , Leonardo T. Rolla

In this paper we observe the frog model, an infinite system of interacting random walks, on Z with an asymmetric underlying random walk. Under the assumption of transience with a fixed frog distribution, we construct an explicit formula for…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-11 Arka P. Ghosh , Steven Noren , Alexander Roitershtein

We consider the so-called frog model with random initial configurations. The dynamics of this model is described as follows: Some particles are randomly assigned on any site of the multidimensional cubic lattice. Initially, only particles…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Naoki Kubota

We prove a shape theorem for a growing set of simple random walks on Z^d, known as frog model. The dynamics of this process is described as follows: There are active particles, which perform independent discrete time SRWs, and sleeping…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 O. S. M. Alves , F. P. Machado , S. Yu. Popov , K. Ravishankar

We consider the frog model with Bernoulli initial configuration, which is an interacting particle system on the multidimensional lattice consisting of two states of particles: active and sleeping. Active particles perform independent simple…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-01 Van Hao Can , Naoki Kubota , Shuta Nakajima

We study a system of random walks, known as the frog model, starting from a profile of independent Poisson($\lambda$) particles per site, with one additional active particle planted at some vertex $\mathbf{o}$ of a finite connected simple…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Itai Benjamini , Luiz Renato Fontes , Jonathan Hermon , Fabio Prates Machado

We examine an interacting particle system on trees commonly referred to as the frog model. For its initial state, it begins with a single active particle at the root and i.i.d. $\mathrm{Poiss}(\lambda)$ many inactive particles at each…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-14 Marcus Michelen , Josh Rosenberg

The frog model with a Bernoulli initial configuration is an interacting particle system on the $d$-dimensional lattice ($d \geq 2$) with two types of particles: active and sleeping. Active particles perform independent simple random walks.…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Ryoki Fukushima , Naoki Kubota

The frog model is a system of interacting random walks. Initially, there is one particle at each vertex of a connected graph $\mathcal{G}$. All particles are inactive at time zero, except for the one which is placed at the root of…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-12 Gustavo O. de Carvalho , Fábio P. Machado

We study a system of simple random walks on graphs, known as frog model. This model can be described as follows: There are active and sleeping particles living on some graph G. Each active particle performs a simple random walk with…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-05 O. S. M. Alves , F. P. Machado , S. Yu. Popov

In this paper we consider the diffusive competition model with free boundary in the heterogeneous time-periodic environment, in which the variable intrinsic growth rates of invasive and native species may change signs and be "very negative"…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-04-28 Mingxin Wang

This paper investigates the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion system with two free boundaries, modeling the invasion of two cooperative species, where the free boundaries represent expanding fronts. We first analyze the long-term behavior of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Qian Qin , JinJing Jiao , Zhiguo Wang , Hua Nie

We study a system of simple random walks on $\mathcal{T}_{d,n} = \mathcal{V}_{d,n}, \mathcal{E}_{d,n})$, the $d$-ary tree of depth $n$, known as the frog model. Initially there are Pois($\lambda$) particles at each site, independently, with…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-27 Jonathan Hermon

We introduce an extension of the frog model to Euclidean space and prove properties for the spread of active particles. Fix $r>0$ and place a particle at each point $x$ of a unit intensity Poisson point process $\mathcal P \subseteq \mathbb…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-31 Erin Beckman , Emily Dinan , Rick Durrett , Ran Huo , Matthew Junge

The frog model starts with one active particle at the root of a graph and some number of dormant particles at all nonroot vertices. Active particles follow independent random paths, waking all inactive particles they encounter. We prove…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Tobias Johnson , Matthew Junge
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