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As capacity and complexity of on-chip cache memory hierarchy increases, the service cost to the critical loads from Last Level Cache (LLC), which are frequently repeated, has become a major concern. The processor may stall for a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Navid Khoshavi , Xunchao Chen , Jun Wang , Ronald F. DeMara

Many convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators face performance- and energy-efficiency challenges which are crucial for embedded implementations, due to high DRAM access latency and energy. Recently, some DRAM architectures have been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Muhammad Abdullah Hanif , Muhammad Shafique

With emerging storage-class memory (SCM) nearing commercialization, there is evidence that it will deliver the much-anticipated high density and access latencies within only a few factors of DRAM. Nevertheless, the latency-sensitive nature…

Modern DRAM modules are often equipped with hardware error correction capabilities, especially for DRAM deployed in large-scale data centers, as process technology scaling has increased the susceptibility of these devices to errors. To…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-06-29 Yixin Luo , Saugata Ghose , Tianshi Li , Sriram Govindan , Bikash Sharma , Bryan Kelly , Amirali Boroumand , Onur Mutlu

Advancement in Processor technology has made it easy to handle data-intensive workloads, but limiting main memory advances has created performance bottlenecks. In DRAM, there have been improvements in DRAM access latency as well as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Saurabh Jaiswal , Shailendra Kumar Gupta , Soumya Soubhagya Dandapat

In recent years, graph-processing has become an essential class of workloads with applications in a rapidly growing number of fields. Graph-processing typically uses large input sets, often in multi-gigabyte scale, and data-dependent graph…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Alexandre Valentin Jamet , Lluc Alvarez , Marc Casas

Over the years, the DRAM latency has not scaled proportionally with its density due to the cost-centric mindset of the DRAM industry. Prior work has shown that this shortcoming can be overcome by reducing the critical length of DRAM access…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Chao-Hsuan Huang , Ishan G Thakkar

This paper investigates hardware-based memory compression designs to increase the memory bandwidth. When lines are compressible, the hardware can store multiple lines in a single memory location, and retrieve all these lines in a single…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Vinson Young , Sanjay Kariyappa , Moinuddin K. Qureshi

Main memory database systems aim to provide users with low latency and high throughput access to data. Most data resides in secondary storage, which is limited by the access speed of the technology. For hot content, data resides in DRAM,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Francisco Romero , Benjamin Braun , David Cheriton

Non-volatile memory (NVM) is a class of promising scalable memory technologies that can potentially offer higher capacity than DRAM at the same cost point. Unfortunately, the access latency and energy of NVM is often higher than those of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-01 HanBin Yoon , Justin Meza , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Rachael A. Harding , Onur Mutlu

This paper summarizes our work on experimental characterization and analysis of reduced-voltage operation in modern DRAM chips, which was published in SIGMETRICS 2017, and examines the work's significance and future potential. We take a…

As dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and other current transistor-based memories approach their scalability limits, the search for alternative storage methods becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) emerges as a promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

Caching is crucial for enabling high-throughput networks for data intensive applications. Traditional caching technology relies on DRAM, as it can transfer data at a high rate. However, DRAM capacity is subject to contention by most system…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Faruk Volkan Mutlu , Edmund Yeh

With the imminent slowing down of DRAM scaling, Phase Change Memory (PCM) is emerging as a lead alternative for main memory technology. While PCM achieves low energy due to various technology-specific advantages, PCM is significantly slower…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2015-04-17 Hamza Bin Sohail , Balajee Vamanan , T. N. Vijaykumar

Content addressable memory is popular in intelligent computing systems as it allows parallel content-searching in memory. Emerging CAMs show a promising increase in bitcell density and a decrease in power consumption than pure CMOS…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Yihan Pan , Adrian Wheeldon , Mohammed Mughal , Shady Agwa , Themis Prodromakis , Alexantrou Serb

With technology scaling, the size of cache systems in chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) has been dramatically increased to efficiently store and manipulate a large amount of data in future applications and decrease the gap between cores and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Pooneh Safayenikoo , Arghavan Asad , Mahmood Fathy

We propose overcoming the memory capacity limitation of GPUs with high-capacity Storage-Class Memory (SCM) and DRAM cache. By significantly increasing the memory capacity with SCM, the GPU can capture a larger fraction of the memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Jeongmin Hong , Sungjun Cho , Geonwoo Park , Wonhyuk Yang , Young-Ho Gong , Gwangsun Kim

Prior studies have shown that the retention time of the non-volatile spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) can be relaxed in order to reduce STT-RAM's write energy and latency. However, since different applications may require different…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Dhruv Gajaria , Kyle Kuan , Tosiron Adegbija

This paper summarizes the idea of ChargeCache, which was published in HPCA 2016 [51], and examines the work's significance and future potential. DRAM latency continues to be a critical bottleneck for system performance. In this work, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Hasan Hassan , Gennady Pekhimenko , Nandita Vijaykumar , Vivek Seshadri , Donghyuk Lee , Oguz Ergin , Onur Mutlu

Coarse-grain reconfigurable architectures (CGRAs) are gaining traction thanks to their performance and power efficiency. Utilizing CGRAs to accelerate the execution of tight loops holds great potential for achieving significant overall…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Elad Hadar , Yoav Etsion