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Deep generative models (DGMs) have the potential to revolutionize diagnostic imaging. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are one kind of DGM which are widely employed. The overarching problem with deploying GANs, and other DGMs, in any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Rucha Deshpande , Mark A. Anastasio , Frank J. Brooks

Recent research has highlighted the significance of natural language in enhancing the controllability of generative models. While various efforts have been made to leverage natural language for content generation, research on deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 In-Chang Baek , Sung-Hyun Kim , Seo-Young Lee , Dong-Hyeon Kim , Kyung-Joong Kim

In this article, we present an experimental approach to using parameterized Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to produce levels for the puzzle game Lily's Garden. We extract two condition vectors from the real levels in an effort to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Andreas Hald , Jens Struckmann Hansen , Jeppe Kristensen , Paolo Burelli

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great ability in generating executable code from natural language, opening the possibility of automatically constructing environments for AI agents. Recent work on Code World Models (CWMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tyrone Serapio , Arjun Prakash , Haoyang Xu , Kevin Wang , Amy Greenwald

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven to be useful tools in various domains outside of the field of their inception, which was natural language processing. In this study, we provide practical directions on how to use LLMs to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Muhammad U Nasir , Julian Togelius

This paper focuses on procedurally generating rules and communicating them to players to adjust the difficulty. This is part of a larger project to collect and adapt games in educational games for young children using a digital puzzle game…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Thomas Volden , Djordje Grbic , Paolo Burelli

The procedural generation of levels and content in video games is a challenging AI problem. Often such generation relies on an intelligent way of evaluating the content being generated so that constraints are satisfied and/or objectives…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Gabriella Barros , Julian Togelius

Markov Junior is a probabilistic programming language used for procedural content generation across various domains. However, its reliance on manually crafted and tuned probabilistic rule sets, also called grammars, presents a significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mehmet Kayra Oğuz , Alexander Dockhorn

Maps are a very important component of strategy games, and a time-consuming task if done by hand. Maps generated by traditional PCG techniques such as Perlin noise or tile-based PCG techniques look unnatural and unappealing, thus not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Vasco Nunes , João Dias , Pedro A. Santos

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for alignment typically relies on supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning from human feedback, both limited by the cost and scarcity of high-quality annotations. Recent self-play and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shiguang Wu , Yaqing Wang , Quanming Yao

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are proving to be a powerful indirect genotype-to-phenotype mapping for evolutionary search, but they have limitations. In particular, GAN output does not scale to arbitrary dimensions, and there is no…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Jacob Schrum , Vanessa Volz , Sebastian Risi

Procedural content generation (PCG) has made substantial progress in shaping static 2D/3D geometry, while most methods treat gameplay mechanics as auxiliary and optimize only over space. We argue that this limits controllability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kaijie Xu , Clark Verbrugge

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) is widely used to create scalable and diverse environments in games. However, existing methods, such as the Wave Function Collapse (WFC) algorithm, are often limited to static scenarios and lack the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Aniruddha Srinivas Joshi

Procedural Music Generation (PMG) is an emerging field that algorithmically creates music content for video games. By leveraging techniques from simple rule-based approaches to advanced machine learning algorithms, PMG has the potential to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shangxuan Luo , Joshua Reiss

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are quickly becoming a ubiquitous approach to procedurally generating video game levels. While GAN generated levels are stylistically similar to human-authored examples, human designers often want to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Matthew C. Fontaine , Ruilin Liu , Ahmed Khalifa , Jignesh Modi , Julian Togelius , Amy K. Hoover , Stefanos Nikolaidis

Game Description Generation (GDG) is the task of generating a game description written in a Game Description Language (GDL) from natural language text. Previous studies have explored generation methods leveraging the contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Tsunehiko Tanaka , Edgar Simo-Serra

We propose a new framework for estimating generative models via an adversarial process, in which we simultaneously train two models: a generative model G that captures the data distribution, and a discriminative model D that estimates the…

Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) has been introduced as a means by which controllable designer agents can be trained based only on a set of computable metrics acting as a proxy for the level's quality and key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Sam Earle , Zehua Jiang , Julian Togelius

Video games demand is constantly increasing, which requires the costly production of large amounts of content. Towards this challenge, researchers have developed Search-Based Procedural Content Generation (SBPCG), that is, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Mar Zamorano , Carlos Cetina , Federica Sarro

Large Language Models (LLMs) are capable of transforming natural language domain descriptions into plausibly looking PDDL markup. However, ensuring that actions are consistent within domains still remains a challenging task. In this paper…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Pavel Smirnov , Frank Joublin , Antonello Ceravola , Michael Gienger