Related papers: Tracing Internal Categoricity
This paper improves two existing theorems of interest to neo-logicist philosophers of mathematics. The first is a classification theorem due to Fine for equivalence relations between concepts definable in a well-behaved second-order logic.…
Our understanding about things is conceptual. By stating that we reason about objects, it is in fact not the objects but concepts referring to them that we manipulate. Now, so long just as we acknowledge infinitely extending notions such as…
We extend the usual internal logic of a (pre)topos to a more general interpretation, called the stack semantics, which allows for "unbounded" quantifiers ranging over the class of objects of the topos. Using well-founded relations inside…
We provided in \cite{BaldwinBrincusI} extensions of first order logic by modified inferential definitions of the classical $\omega$-rule in $1$ or $2$ sorts. These logics are categorical in the inferential sense. Arithmetic has a unique…
The category of models of any theory $T$ in any first-order language $L$ has the surprising property that any small category that is elementarily equivalent with it, already embeds in it. The proof uses an abstract argument via ultrapowers,…
We explore approximate categoricity in the context of distortion systems, introduced in our previous paper, which are a mild generalization of perturbation systems, introduced by Ben Yaacov. We extend Ben Yaacov's Ryll-Nardzewski style…
Drawing inspiration from Emmy Noether'set-theoretic foundations for algebra and Charles Ehresmann's topology without points, we adopt a new order-theoretic approach to ideal theory. For this we emphasize the order of divisibility in…
Not any geometry can be axiomatized. The paradoxical Godel's theorem starts from the supposition that any geometry can be axiomatized and goes to the result, that not any geometry can be axiomatized. One considers example of two close…
In a recent work, arXiv:2503.05884, we proposed a unified notion of nonclassicality that applies to arbitrary processes in quantum theory, including individual quantum states, measurements, channels, set of these, etc. This notion is…
Discussions of statistical criteria for fairness commonly convey the normative significance of calibration within groups by invoking what risk scores "mean." On the Same Meaning picture, group-calibrated scores "mean the same thing" (on…
Intuitionistic logic, in which the double negation law not-not-P = P fails, is dominant in categorical logic, notably in topos theory. This paper follows a different direction in which double negation does hold. The algebraic notions of…
The one-variable fragment of a first-order logic may be viewed as an "S5-like" modal logic, where the universal and existential quantifiers are replaced by box and diamond modalities, respectively. Axiomatizations of these modal logics have…
This paper presents the proof of the coherence theorem for Ann-categories whose set of axioms and original basic properties were given in [9]. Let $$\A=(\A,{\Ah},c,(0,g,d),a,(1,l,r),{\Lh},{\Rh})$$ be an Ann-category. The coherence theorem…
Hilbert's Entscheidungsproblem has given rise to a broad and productive line of research in mathematical logic, where the classification process of decidable classes of first-order sentences represent only one of the remarkable results.…
In the cluster algebra literature, the notion of a graded cluster algebra has been implicit since the origin of the subject. In this work, we wish to bring this aspect of cluster algebra theory to the foreground and promote its study. We…
Two first-order logic theories are definitionally equivalent if and only if there is a bijection between their model classes that preserves isomorphisms and ultraproducts (Theorem 2). This is a variant of a prior theorem of van Benthem and…
Intuitive Set Theory (IST) is defined as the theory we get, when we add Axiom of Monotonicity and Axiom of Fusion to Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. In IST, Continuum Hypothesis is a theorem, Axiom of Choice is a theorem, Skolem paradox does…
In this paper, we discuss different models for human logic systems and describe a game with nature. G\"odel`s incompleteness theorem is taken into account to construct a model of logical networks based on axioms obtained by symmetry…
Any system based on axioms is incomplete because the axioms cannot be proven from the system, just believed. But one system can be less-incomplete than other. Neutrosophy is less-incomplete than many other systems because it contains them.…
We consider (finitary, propositional) logics through the original use of Category Theory: the study of the "sociology of mathematical objects", aligning us with a recent, and growing, trend of study logics through its relations with other…