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The complexity of computer games is ever increasing. In this setup, guiding an automated test algorithm to find a solution to solve a testing task in a game's huge interaction space is very challenging. Having a model of a system to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Samira Shirzadehhajimahmood , I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Frank Dignum , Mehdi Dastani

Levels are a key component of many different video games, and a large body of work has been produced on how to procedurally generate game levels. Recently, Machine Learning techniques have been applied to video game level generation towards…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Adam James Summerville , Sam Snodgrass , Michael Mateas , Santiago Ontañón

In this work, we consider the problem of procedural content generation for video game levels. Prior approaches have relied on evolutionary search (ES) methods capable of generating diverse levels, but this generation procedure is slow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Nicholas Muir , Steven James

Serious Games (SGs) are nowadays shifting focus to include procedural content generation (PCG) in the development process as a means of offering personalized and enhanced player experience. However, the development of a framework to assess…

When a game involves many agents or when communication between agents is not possible, it is useful to resort to distributed learning where each agent acts in complete autonomy without any information on the other agents' situations.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Jérôme Taupin , Xavier Leturc , Christophe J. Le Martret

Many games feature a progression of levels that doesn't adapt to the player. This can be problematic because some players may get stuck if the progression is too difficult, while others may find it boring if the progression is too slow to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Colan F. Biemer , Seth Cooper

Videogames are nowadays one of the biggest entertainment industries in the world. Being part of this industry means competing against lots of other companies and developers, thus, making fanbases of vital importance. They are a group of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Gabriel K. Sepulveda , Felipe Besoain , Nicolas A. Barriga

In this work, we present TOAD-GAN (Token-based One-shot Arbitrary Dimension Generative Adversarial Network), a novel Procedural Content Generation (PCG) algorithm that generates token-based video game levels. TOAD-GAN follows the SinGAN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Maren Awiszus , Frederik Schubert , Bodo Rosenhahn

Curriculum learning--ordering training examples in a sequence to aid machine learning--takes inspiration from human learning, but has not gained widespread acceptance. Static strategies for scoring item difficulty rely on indirect proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhenwei Tang , Amogh Inamdar , Ashton Anderson , Richard Zemel

We introduce the General Video Game Rule Generation problem, and the eponymous software framework which will be used in a new track of the General Video Game AI (GVGAI) competition. The problem is, given a game level as input, to generate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Diego Perez-Liebana , Julian Togelius

Reinforcement learning is a powerful technique to train an agent to perform a task. However, an agent that is trained using reinforcement learning is only capable of achieving the single task that is specified via its reward function. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Carlos Florensa , David Held , Xinyang Geng , Pieter Abbeel

This paper focuses on procedurally generating rules and communicating them to players to adjust the difficulty. This is part of a larger project to collect and adapt games in educational games for young children using a digital puzzle game…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Thomas Volden , Djordje Grbic , Paolo Burelli

Multistage decision policies provide useful control strategies in high-dimensional state spaces, particularly in complex control tasks. However, they exhibit weak performance guarantees in the presence of disturbance, model mismatch, or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Olalekan Ogunmolu , Nicholas Gans , Tyler Summers

This paper addresses the dynamic difficulty adjustment on MOBA games as a way to improve the player's entertainment. Although MOBA is currently one of the most played genres around the world, it is known as a game that offer less autonomy,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Mirna Paula Silva , Victor do Nascimento Silva , Luiz Chaimowicz

Successful and accurate modelling of level difficulty is a fundamental component of the operationalisation of player experience as difficulty is one of the most important and commonly used signals for content design and adaptation. In games…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Jeppe Theiss Kristensen , Arturo Valdivia , Paolo Burelli

Video Games are boring when they are too easy, and frustrating when they are too hard. In terms of providing game experience such as enjoyment to the player by match players with different levels of ability to player ability, We assume that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Junjie Xu

We present initial research towards procedural generation of Simplified Boardgames and translating them into an efficient GDL code. This is a step towards establishing Simplified Boardgames as a comparison class for General Game Playing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

Behavior trees (BTs) are a popular method for modeling NPC and enemy AI behavior and have been widely used in commercial games. In this work, rather than use BTs to model game playing agents, we use them for modeling game design agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Anurag Sarkar , Seth Cooper

Game designers use human playtesting to gather feedback about game design elements when iteratively improving a game. Playtesting, however, is expensive: human testers must be recruited, playtest results must be aggregated and interpreted,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Alexander Zook , Eric Fruchter , Mark O. Riedl

An increasingly common area of study in procedural content generation is the creation of level segments: short pieces that can be used to form larger levels. Previous work has used basic concatenation to form these larger levels. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Colan Biemer , Seth Cooper