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Software applications are designed to assist users in conducting a wide range of tasks or interactions. They have become prevalent and play an integral part in people's lives in this digital era. To use those software applications, users…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Pattaraporn Sangaroonsilp , Hoa Khanh Dam , Omar Haggag , John Grundy

Privacy policies are the primary channel through which companies inform users about their data collection and sharing practices. These policies are often long and difficult to comprehend. Short notices based on information extracted from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Hamza Harkous , Kassem Fawaz , Rémi Lebret , Florian Schaub , Kang G. Shin , Karl Aberer

As the adoption of smart devices continues to permeate all aspects of our lives, user privacy concerns have become more pertinent than ever. Privacy policies outline the data handling practices of these devices. Prior work in the domains of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Aamir Hamid , Hemanth Reddy Samidi , Tim Finin , Primal Pappachan , Roberto Yus

In populous countries, pending legal cases have been growing exponentially. There is a need for developing techniques for processing and organizing legal documents. In this paper, we introduce a new corpus for structuring legal documents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Prathamesh Kalamkar , Aman Tiwari , Astha Agarwal , Saurabh Karn , Smita Gupta , Vivek Raghavan , Ashutosh Modi

Privacy policies have emerged as the predominant approach to conveying privacy notices to mobile application users. In an effort to enhance both readability and user engagement, the concept of contextual privacy policies (CPPs) has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Shidong Pan , Zhen Tao , Thong Hoang , Dawen Zhang , Tianshi Li , Zhenchang Xing , Sherry Xu , Mark Staples , Thierry Rakotoarivelo , David Lo

Lengthy and legally phrased privacy policies impede users' understanding of how mobile applications collect and process personal data. Prior work proposed Contextual Privacy Policies (CPPs) for mobile apps to display shorter policy snippets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haochen Gong , Zhen Tao , Shidong Pan , Zhenchang Xing , Xiaoyu Sun

Context: Privacy legislation has impacted the way software systems are developed, prompting practitioners to update their implementations. Specifically, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Georgia M. Kapitsaki , Maria Papoutsoglou , Christoph Treude , Ioanna Theophilou

Due to the amount of data that smartphone applications can potentially access, platforms enforce permission systems that allow users to regulate how applications access protected resources. If users are asked to make security decisions too…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-04-16 Primal Wijesekera , Arjun Baokar , Ashkan Hosseini , Serge Egelman , David Wagner , Konstantin Beznosov

Automated analysis of privacy policies has proved a fruitful research direction, with developments such as automated policy summarization, question answering systems, and compliance detection. Prior research has been limited to analysis of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Ryan Amos , Gunes Acar , Eli Lucherini , Mihir Kshirsagar , Arvind Narayanan , Jonathan Mayer

With the requirements and emphases on privacy transparency placed by regulations such as GDPR and CCPA, the Google Play Store requires Android developers to more responsibly communicate their apps' privacy practices to potential users by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Anhao Xiang , Weiping Pei , Chuan Yue

The privacy of personal information has received significant attention in mobile software. Although previous researchers have designed some methods to identify the conflict between app behavior and privacy policies, little is known about…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Kaifa Zhao , Xian Zhan , Le Yu , Shiyao Zhou , Hao Zhou , Xiapu Luo , Haoyu Wang , Yepang Liu

With the rapid growth of mobile apps, users' concerns about their privacy have become increasingly prominent. Android app logs serve as crucial computer resources, aiding developers in debugging and monitoring the status of Android apps,…

Despite having growing awareness and concerns about privacy, technology users are often insufficiently informed of the data practices of various digital products to protect themselves. Privacy policies and privacy labels, as two…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Varun Shiri , Charles Liu , Keyu Yao , Jin L. C. Guo , Jinghui Cheng

Unstructured text from legal, medical, and administrative sources offers a rich but underutilized resource for research in public health and the social sciences. However, large-scale analysis is hampered by two key challenges: the presence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Anders Ledberg , Anna Thalén

Mobile applications (apps) have become deeply personal, constantly demanding access to privacy-sensitive information in exchange for more personalized user experiences. Such privacy-invading practices have generated major multidimensional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Fahimeh Ebrahimi , Miroslav Tushev , Anas Mahmoud

Recent industrial and academic research has focused on data-driven analytics with smartphones by collecting user interaction, context, and device systems data through Application Programming interfaces (APIs) and sensors. The Android OS…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Hansoo Lee , Joonyoung Park , Uichin Lee

The rise of mobile apps has brought greater convenience and many options for users. However, many apps use analytics services to collect a wide range of user interaction data, with privacy policies often failing to reveal the types of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Feiyang Tang , Bjarte M. Østvold

Android applications collecting data from users must protect it according to the current legal frameworks. Such data protection has become even more important since the European Union rolled out the General Data Protection Regulation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Mugdha Khedkar , Eric Bodden

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) aims to ensure that all personal data processing activities are fair and transparent for the European Union (EU) citizens, regardless of whether these are carried out within the EU or anywhere…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Danny S. Guamán , Xavier Ferrer , Jose M. del Alamo , Jose Such

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) provides California residents with a range of enhanced privacy protections and rights. Our research investigated the extent to which Android app developers comply with the provisions of the CCPA…