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The generalization error of a learning algorithm refers to the discrepancy between the loss of a learning algorithm on training data and that on unseen testing data. Various information-theoretic bounds on the generalization error have been…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xuetong Wu , Jonathan H. Manton , Uwe Aickelin , Jingge Zhu

Providing generalization guarantees for stochastic optimization algorithms remains a key challenge in learning theory. Recently, numerous works demonstrated the impact of the geometric properties of optimization trajectories on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Mario Tuci , Lennart Bastian , Benjamin Dupuis , Nassir Navab , Tolga Birdal , Umut Şimşekli

Imitation learning holds the promise of equipping robots with versatile skills by learning from expert demonstrations. However, policies trained on finite datasets often struggle to generalize beyond the training distribution. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yixiao Wang

We derive upper bounds on the generalization error of learning algorithms based on their \emph{algorithmic transport cost}: the expected Wasserstein distance between the output hypothesis and the output hypothesis conditioned on an input…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-09 Jingwei Zhang , Tongliang Liu , Dacheng Tao

This work discusses how to derive upper bounds for the expected generalisation error of supervised learning algorithms by means of the chaining technique. By developing a general theoretical framework, we establish a duality between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-01 Eugenio Clerico , Amitis Shidani , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Exponential generalization bounds with near-tight rates have recently been established for uniformly stable learning algorithms. The notion of uniform stability, however, is stringent in the sense that it is invariant to the data-generating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-09 Xiao-Tong Yuan , Ping Li

Algorithm- and data-dependent generalization bounds are required to explain the generalization behavior of modern machine learning algorithms. In this context, there exists information theoretic generalization bounds that involve (various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-07 Sarah Sachs , Tim van Erven , Liam Hodgkinson , Rajiv Khanna , Umut Simsekli

In this work, the probability of an event under some joint distribution is bounded by measuring it with the product of the marginals instead (which is typically easier to analyze) together with a measure of the dependence between the two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Amedeo Roberto Esposito , Michael Gastpar , Ibrahim Issa

This paper explores the generalization characteristics of iterative learning algorithms with bounded updates for non-convex loss functions, employing information-theoretic techniques. Our key contribution is a novel bound for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jingwen Fu , Nanning Zheng

One fundamental goal in any learning algorithm is to mitigate its risk for overfitting. Mathematically, this requires that the learning algorithm enjoys a small generalization risk, which is defined either in expectation or in probability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-04 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin

Generalization error bounds are essential for comprehending how well machine learning models work. In this work, we suggest a novel method, i.e., the Auxiliary Distribution Method, that leads to new upper bounds on expected generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Gholamali Aminian , Saeed Masiha , Laura Toni , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

Many learning algorithms can be represented as Markov processes, and understanding their generalization error is a central topic in learning theory. For specific continuous-time noisy algorithms, a prominent analysis technique relies on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-06 Benjamin Dupuis , Maxime Haddouche , George Deligiannidis , Umut Simsekli

In this paper, we establish novel data-dependent upper bounds on the generalization error through the lens of a "variable-size compressibility" framework that we introduce newly here. In this framework, the generalization error of an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-12 Milad Sefidgaran , Abdellatif Zaidi

This paper provides data-dependent bounds on the expected error of the Gibbs algorithm in the overparameterized interpolation regime, where low training errors are also obtained for impossible data, such as random labels in classification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Andreas Maurer , Erfan Mirzaei , Massimiliano Pontil

Bounding the generalization error of a supervised learning algorithm is one of the most important problems in learning theory, and various approaches have been developed. However, existing bounds are often loose and lack of guarantees. As a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Gholamali Aminian , Yuheng Bu , Laura Toni , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues , Gregory Wornell

This paper studies the relationship between generalization and privacy preservation in iterative learning algorithms by two sequential steps. We first establish an alignment between generalization and privacy preservation for any learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Fengxiang He , Bohan Wang , Dacheng Tao

Generalization error (also known as the out-of-sample error) measures how well the hypothesis learned from training data generalizes to previously unseen data. Proving tight generalization error bounds is a central question in statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Jian Li , Xuanyuan Luo , Mingda Qiao

Established approaches to obtain generalization bounds in data-driven optimization and machine learning mostly build on solutions from empirical risk minimization (ERM), which depend crucially on the functional complexity of the hypothesis…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-14 Yibo Zeng , Henry Lam

We establish a data-dependent notion of algorithmic stability for Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), and employ it to develop novel generalization bounds. This is in contrast to previous distribution-free algorithmic stability results for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Ilja Kuzborskij , Christoph H. Lampert

We present a general approach, based on exponential inequalities, to derive bounds on the generalization error of randomized learning algorithms. Using this approach, we provide bounds on the average generalization error as well as bounds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Fredrik Hellström , Giuseppe Durisi