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Related papers: On Increasing and Invariant Parking Sequences

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A parking function of length $n$ is prime if we obtain a parking function of length $n-1$ by deleting one 1 from it. In this note we give a new direct proof that the number of prime parking functions of length $n$ is $(n-1)^{n-1}$. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Rui Duarte , António Guedes de Oliveira

A parking function on $[n]$ creates a permutation in $S_n$ via the order in which the $n$ cars appear in the $n$ parking spaces. Placing the uniform probability measure on the set of parking functions on $[n]$ induces a probability measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-19 Ross G. Pinsky

The conceptions of $G$-parking functions and $G$-multiparking functions were introduced in [15] and [12] respectively. In this paper, let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $\{1,2,...,n\}$ and $m\in V(G)$. We give the definition of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-23 Hungyung Chang , Po-Yi Huang , Jun Ma , Yeong-Nan Yeh

We recall that unit interval parking functions of length $n$ are a subset of parking functions in which every car parks in its preference or in the spot after its preference, and Fubini rankings of length $n$ are rankings of $n$ competitors…

A parking function of length n is a sequence (b_1, b_2,..., b_n) of nonnegative integers whose nondecreasing rearrangement (a_1, a_2,...,a_n) has the property that a_i < i for every i. A well-known result about parking functions is that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dimitrije Kostic , Catherine Yan

Recall that $\alpha=(a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n)\in[n]^n$ is a parking function if its nondecreasing rearrangement $\beta=(b_1,b_2,\ldots,b_n)$ satisfies $b_i\leq i$ for all $1\leq i\leq n$. In this article, we study parking functions based on…

We consider two variations of the discrete car parking problem where at every vertex of the integers a car arrives with rate one, now allowing for parking in two lines. a) The car parks in the first line whenever the vertex and all of its…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 S. R. Fleurke , C. Kuelske

Let $1\leq r\leq n$ and suppose that, when the Depth-first Search Algorithm is applied to a given rooted labelled tree on $n+1$ vertices, exactly $r$ vertices are visited before backtracking. Let $R$ be the set of trees with this property.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-08 Rui Duarte , António Guedes de Oliveira

We study the enumeration problem for different kind of tree parking functions introduced recently, called tree parking functions, tree parking distributions, prime tree parking functions, and prime tree parking distributions, for rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Alois Panholzer

The choice of forward and reverse parking in a parking lot is studied as a stochastic process. An $M/M/c/c$ queueing system is used as an initial framework. We use Monte Carlo simulation to get the relationship between vehicle orientation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-10-01 Kexin Xie , Myron Hlynka

Parking functions of length $n$ are well known to be in correspondence with both labelled trees on $n+1$ vertices and factorizations of the full cycle $\sigma_n=(0\,1\,\cdots\,n)$ into $n$ transpositions. In fact, these correspondences can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-19 John Irving , Amarpreet Rattan

In this paper, we obtain a q-exponential generating function for inversions on parking functions via symmetric function theory and also through a direct bijection to rooted labeled forests. We then apply these techniques to unit interval…

There is a well-known bijection between parking functions of a fixed length and maximal chains of the noncrossing partition lattice which we can use to associate to each set of parking functions a poset whose Hasse diagram is the union of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-01 Melody Bruce , Michael Dougherty , Max Hlavacek , Ryo Kudo , Ian Nicolas

Parking accurately and safely in highly constrained spaces remains a critical challenge. Unlike structured driving environments, parking requires executing complex maneuvers such as frequent gear shifts and steering saturation. Recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Han Zheng , Zikang Zhou , Guli Zhang , Zhepei Wang , Kaixuan Wang , Peiliang Li , Shaojie Shen , Ming Yang , Tong Qin

In a scenario of growing usage of park-and-ride facilities, understanding and predicting car park occupancy is becoming increasingly important. This study presents a model that effectively captures the occupancy patterns of park-and-ride…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-14 Andreas Kaltenbrunner , Josep Ferrer , David Moreno , Vicenç Gómez

We recall that a parking function of length $n+1$ is said to be prime if removing any instance of 1 yields a parking function of length $n$. In this article, we study prime parking functions from multiple lenses. We derive an explicit…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-29 Pamela E. Harris , Selvi Kara , Erin McNicholas , Kathryn Nyman , Mei Yin

Warning. The reading of this paper will send you down many winding roads toward new and exciting research topics enumerating generalized parking functions. Buckle up!

This work builds on the notion of record of rooted trees. We provide an alternative definition of parking functions, derive from it a record-preserving bijection between rooted trees and parking functions, and establish a join…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Adrián Lillo , Mercedes Rosas , Stefan Trandafir

This paper provides an exploration of parking functions, a classical combinatorial object. We present two viewpoints on their structure and properties: through poset of noncrossing partitions and polytopes.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Yan Liu

We recall that the $k$-Naples parking functions of length $n$ (a generalization of parking functions) are defined by requiring that a car which finds its preferred spot occupied must first back up a spot at a time (up to $k$ spots) before…