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Plasmonic logic circuits combine ultrafast operation with nanoscale integration, making them a strong candidate for next-generation optical computing. Realizing this potential, however, requires overcoming practical challenges such as bulky…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-07 Komal Gupta , Anand Hegde , Chen-Bin Huang

Nanoelectromechanical systems, or NEMS, are MEMS scaled to submicron dimensions. In this size regime, it is possible to attain extremely high fundamental frequencies while simultaneously preserving very high mechanical responsivity (small…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. L. Roukes

The quest for energy-efficient, scalable neuromorphic computing has elevated compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures to the forefront of hardware innovation. While memristive memories have been extensively explored for synaptic implementation…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-20 Kapil Bhardwaj , Ella Paasio , Sayani Majumdar

Physical implementations of neural computation now extend far beyond silicon hardware, encompassing substrates such as memristive devices, photonic circuits, mechanical metamaterials, microfluidic networks, chemical reaction systems, and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Stefan Fischer , Nihat Ay , Olaf Landsiedel , Esfandiar Mohammadi , Sebastian Otte , Bernd-Christian Renner , Nele Rußwinkel

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as the state-of-the-art paradigm for scaling up large language models (LLMs) without proportionally increased computational cost. However, its on-device deployment faces a critical challenge…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Weikai Xu , Meng Li , Shuzhang Zhong , Tianyang Luo , Dongxue Zhao , Ling Liang , Zongwei Wang , Qianqian Huang , Yimao Cai , Ru Huang

Throughout the evolution of biological species on Earth, cells and organs have developed many complex structures and processes to ensure their interactions with individual chemical molecules (small and macromolecular) and nanoscale objects…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-01-12 Kenneth A. Dawson

Cloud computing has the capacity to transform many parts of the research ecosystem, from particular research areas to overall strategic decision making and policy. Scientometrics sits at the boundary between research and the decision making…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Daniel W Hook , Simon J Porter

The microservice architecture is a style inspired by service-oriented computing that has recently started gaining popularity and that promises to change the way in which software is perceived, conceived and designed. In this paper we offer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Manuel Mazzara , Ruslan Mustafin , Larisa Safina , Ivan Lanese

In this paper we discuss the potential of emerging spintorque devices for computing applications. Recent proposals for spinbased computing schemes may be differentiated as all-spin vs. hybrid, programmable vs. fixed, and, Boolean vs.…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-08-19 Kaushik Roy , Mrigank Sharad , Deliang Fan , Karthik Yogendra

As the world enters the age of ubiquitous computing, the need for reconfigurable hardware operating close to the fundamental limits of energy consumption becomes increasingly pressing. Simultaneously, scaling-driven performance improvements…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2017-09-14 Alexantrou Serb , Ali Khiat , Themis Prodromakis

Unlocking the full potential of nanocrystals in electronic devices requires scalable and deterministic manufacturing techniques. A platform offering promising alternative paths to scalable production is microtomy, the technique of cutting…

Escalating artificial intelligence (AI) demands expose a critical "compute crisis" characterized by unsustainable energy consumption, prohibitive training costs, and the approaching limits of conventional CMOS scaling. Physics-based…

Smartphones, laptops, and data centers are CMOS-based technologies that ushered our world into the information age of the 21st century. Despite their advantages for scalable computing, their implementations come with surprisingly large…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-13 Christian Z. Pratt , Kyle J. Ray , James P. Crutchfield

Cell is the structural and functional unit of life. This Resource Letter serves as a guide to the literature on nano-machines which drive not only intracellular movements, but also motility of the cell. These machines are usually proteins…

Biological Physics · Physics 2008-07-18 Debashish Chowdhury

Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is an automated architecture engineering method for deep learning design automation, which serves as an alternative to the manual and error-prone process of model development, selection, evaluation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Dongning Ma , Pengfei Zhao , Xun Jiao

The small world of matter is getting smaller and smaller. Nano sciences in recent years had huge developments allowing nanotechnologies to take enormous steps in the development of materials and processes. Numerous applications in a wide…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-11-08 José António Filipe , Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira

The high energy consumption of electronic data processors, together with physical challenges limiting their further improvement, has triggered intensive interest in alternative computation paradigms. Here we focus on network-based…

In present day technology, storing and processing of information occur on physically distinct regions of space. Not only does this result in space limitations; it also translates into unwanted delays in retrieving and processing of relevant…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-04-09 M. Di Ventra , Y. V. Pershin

This explanation of what a brain is and does rests on informational first principles, because information theory, like its parent theory thermodynamics, is mathematically sacrosanct, itself resting on real-valued probability.Just as…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-10-01 William Softky