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The synthesis of quantum operators involves decomposing general quantum gates into the gate set supported by a given quantum device. Multi-controlled gates are essential components in this process. In this work, we present an improved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Jefferson D. S. Silva , Adenilton J. da Silva

Quantum gates executed on physical hardware are inevitably degraded by environmental noise. While state purification effectively distills static quantum resources, the dynamic execution of quantum algorithms requires a higher-order approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Jiayi Zhao , Yu-Ao Chen , Guocheng Zhen , Chengkai Zhu , Ranyiliu Chen , Xin Wang

We demonstrate the possibility to perform distributed quantum computing using only single photon sources (atom-cavity-like systems), linear optics and photon detectors. The qubits are encoded in stable ground states of the sources. To…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yuan Liang Lim , Almut Beige , Leong Chuan Kwek

In order to enable semiconductor-based quantum computing with many qubits, issues like residual interqubit coupling and constraints from scalable control hardware need to be tackled to retain the high gate fidelities demonstrated in current…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Pascal Cerfontaine , René Otten , M. A. Wolfe , Patrick Bethke , Hendrik Bluhm

High-fidelity gate implementation requires sophisticated control pulses that steer the quantum system to undergo the desired transformation. Quantum Optimal Control allows to derive these control pulses in an open-loop fashion based on…

We assess the quality of a source of allegedly pure two-qubit states using both standard tomography and methods inspired by device-independent self-testing. Even when the detection and locality loopholes are open, the latter methods can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-08 Koon Tong Goh , Chithrabhanu Perumangatt , Zhi Xian Lee , Alexander Ling , Valerio Scarani

We show that an effective two-qubit gate can be obtained from the free evolution of three spins in a chain with nearest neighbor XY coupling, without local manipulations. This gate acts on the two remote spins and leaves the mediating spin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Man-Hong Yung , Debbie W. Leung , Sougato Bose

The faster speed and operational convenience of two-qubit gate with flux bias control makes it an important candidate for future large-scale quantum computers based on high coherence flux qubits. Based on a properly designed two-spin gadget…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-20 Rui Yang

A qubit, or quantum bit, is conventionally defined as "a physical system for storing information that is capable of existing in either of two quantum states or in a superposition of both". In this paper, we examine the simple question of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Zhuoran Bao , Daniel F. V. James

Achieving high-fidelity entangling operations between qubits consistently is essential for the performance of multi-qubit systems and is a crucial factor in achieving fault-tolerant quantum processors. Solid-state platforms are particularly…

Quantum error-correction codes would protect an arbitrary state of a multi-qubit register against decoherence-induced errors, but their implementation is an outstanding challenge for the development of large-scale quantum computers. A first…

Singlet-triplet qubits in lateral quantum dots in semiconductor heterostructures exhibit high-fidelity single-qubit gates via exchange interactions and magnetic field gradients. High-fidelity two-qubit entangling gates are challenging to…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 M. A. Wolfe , F. A. Calderon-Vargas , J. P. Kestner

Creation and manipulation of entanglement with low error is essential in quantum information systems. In practice, two-qubit entangling gates constitute a dominant error source, limiting circuit depths and performance in fault-tolerant…

In quantum computation every unitary operation can be decomposed into quantum circuits-a series of single-qubit rotations and a single type entangling two-qubit gates, such as controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Two measures are important when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 Martin Plesch , Časlav Brukner

Algorithms for quantum information processing are usually decomposed into sequences of quantum gate operations, most often realized with single- and two- qubit gates[1]. While such operations constitute a universal set for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. Monz , K. Kim , W. Hänsel , M. Riebe , A. Villar , P. Schindler , M. Chwalla , M. Hennrich , R. Blatt

Quantum state preparation is an important subroutine in many quantum algorithms. The goal is to encode classical information directly to the quantum state so that it is possible to leverage quantum algorithms for data processing. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Oskari Kerppo , William Steadman , Ossi Niemimäki , Valtteri Lahtinen

The use of a few intermediate qutrits for efficient decomposition of 3-qubit unitary gates has been proposed, to obtain an exponential reduction in the depth of the decomposed circuit. An intermediate qutrit implies that a qubit is operated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Ritajit Majumdar , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

We report the implementation of universal two- and three-qubit entangling gates on neutral atom qubits encoded in long-lived hyperfine ground states. The gates are mediated by excitation to strongly interacting Rydberg states, and are…

Entanglement is a fundamental aspect of quantum physics, both conceptually and for its many applications. Classifying an arbitrary multipartite state as entangled or separable -- a task referred to as the separability problem -- poses a…

Quantum computing is currently limited by the cost of two-qubit entangling operations. In order to scale up quantum processors and achieve a quantum advantage, it is crucial to economize on the power requirement of two-qubit gates, make…