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In the large language model (LLM) revolution, embedding is a key component of various systems, such as retrieving knowledge or memories for LLMs or building content moderation filters. As such cases span from English to other natural or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xin Zhang , Zehan Li , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Meishan Zhang , Min Zhang

Large Language Models have become the de facto approach to sequence-to-sequence text generation tasks, but for specialized tasks/domains, a pretrained LLM lacks specific capabilities to produce accurate or well-formatted responses.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jiuhai Chen , Jonas Mueller

Neural retrieval models (NRMs) have been shown to outperform their statistical counterparts owing to their ability to capture semantic meaning via dense document representations. These models, however, suffer from poor interpretability as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Michael Llordes , Debasis Ganguly , Sumit Bhatia , Chirag Agarwal

This paper evaluates existing and newly proposed answer selection methods based on pre-trained word embeddings. Word embeddings are highly effective in various natural language processing tasks and their integration into traditional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Rishav Chakravarti , Jiri Navratil , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos

This paper proposes a technique for adding a new source or target language to an existing multilingual NMT model without re-training it on the initial set of languages. It consists in replacing the shared vocabulary with a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Alexandre Berard

Machine comprehension(MC) style question answering is a representative problem in natural language processing. Previous methods rarely spend time on the improvement of encoding layer, especially the embedding of syntactic information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-07-31 Boyuan Pan , Hao Li , Zhou Zhao , Bin Cao , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He

Cross-lingual word embeddings (CLWE) have been proven useful in many cross-lingual tasks. However, most existing approaches to learn CLWE including the ones with contextual embeddings are sense agnostic. In this work, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Linlin Liu , Thien Hai Nguyen , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing , Luo Si

We consider the problem of semantic matching in product search: given a customer query, retrieve all semantically related products from a huge catalog of size 100 million, or more. Because of large catalog spaces and real-time latency…

The technique of Cross-Lingual Word Embedding (CLWE) plays a fundamental role in tackling Natural Language Processing challenges for low-resource languages. Its dominant approaches assumed that the relationship between embeddings could be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Xutan Peng , Mark Stevenson , Chenghua Lin , Chen Li

Cross-modal retrieval (CMR) is a fundamental task in multimedia research, focused on retrieving semantically relevant targets across different modalities. While traditional CMR methods match text and image via embedding-based similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Haoxuan Li , Yi Bin , Yunshan Ma , Guoqing Wang , Yang Yang , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Cross-lingual word embeddings transfer knowledge between languages: models trained on high-resource languages can predict in low-resource languages. We introduce CLIME, an interactive system to quickly refine cross-lingual word embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Michelle Yuan , Mozhi Zhang , Benjamin Van Durme , Leah Findlater , Jordan Boyd-Graber

Semantic retrieval, which retrieves semantically matched items given a textual query, has been an essential component to enhance system effectiveness in e-commerce search. In this paper, we study the multimodal retrieval problem, where the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zhigong Zhou , Ning Ding , Xiaochuan Fan , Yue Shang , Yiming Qiu , Jingwei Zhuo , Zhiwei Ge , Songlin Wang , Lin Liu , Sulong Xu , Han Zhang

Real-world applications of neural language models often involve running many different models over the same corpus. The high computational cost of these runs has led to interest in techniques that can reuse the contextualized embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Jon Saad-Falcon , Amanpreet Singh , Luca Soldaini , Mike D'Arcy , Arman Cohan , Doug Downey

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve target images based on a hybrid query comprising a reference image and a modification text. Early dual-tower Vision-Language Models (VLMs) struggle with cross-modality compositional reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Tianyu Yang , Chenwei He , Xiangzhao Hao , Tianyue Wang , Jiarui Guo , Haiyun Guo , Leigang Qu , Jinqiao Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant strides across various information retrieval tasks, particularly as rerankers, owing to their strong generalization and knowledge-transfer capabilities acquired from extensive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Rahul Seetharaman , Kaustubh D. Dhole , Aman Bansal

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance on general-purpose text embedding tasks. While dense embeddings have dominated related research, we introduce the first lexicon-based embeddings (LENS) leveraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yibin Lei , Tao Shen , Yu Cao , Andrew Yates

This paper addresses the gap between general-purpose text embeddings and the specific demands of item retrieval tasks. We demonstrate the shortcomings of existing models in capturing the nuances necessary for zero-shot performance on item…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yuxuan Lei , Jianxun Lian , Jing Yao , Mingqi Wu , Defu Lian , Xing Xie

Cross-lingual cross-modal retrieval has garnered increasing attention recently, which aims to achieve the alignment between vision and target language (V-T) without using any annotated V-T data pairs. Current methods employ machine…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yabing Wang , Fan Wang , Jianfeng Dong , Hao Luo

In this paper we deal with image classification tasks using the powerful CLIP vision-language model. Our goal is to advance the classification performance using the CLIP's image encoder, by proposing a novel Large Multimodal Model (LMM)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Maria Tzelepi , Vasileios Mezaris

Retrieval models based on dense representations in semantic space have become an indispensable branch for first-stage retrieval. These retrievers benefit from surging advances in representation learning towards compressive global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Kai Zhang , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Xiubo Geng , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang
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