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The Hubble diagram (HD) is a plot that contains luminous distance modulus presented with respect to the redshift. The distance modulus--redshift relation of the most well-known ``standard candles'', the type Ia supernovae (SN), is a crucial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-07 Nikita Lovyagin , Rustam Gainutdinov , Stanislav Shirokov , Vladimir Gorokhov

We propose a new model-independent method to test the cosmic curvature by comparing the proper distance and transverse comoving distance. Using the measurements of Hubble parameter $H(z)$ and angular diameter distance $d_A$, the cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-11 H. Yu , F. Y. Wang

We constrain the redshift dependence of (rest frame) host galaxy dispersion measures of localized Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs) by assuming it to vary as a simple power law ($\propto (1+z)^{\alpha}$). We simultaneously fit $\alpha$ as well as…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-13 Sandeep Kumar Acharya , Paz Beniamini

We study the prospects of using the low-redshift and high-redshift black hole shadows as new cosmological standard rulers for measuring cosmological parameters. We show that, using the low-redshift observation of the black hole shadow of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-28 Jing-Zhao Qi , Xin Zhang

Identification and follow up observations of the host galaxies of fast radio bursts (FRBs) not only help us understand the environments in which the FRB progenitors reside, but also provide a unique way of probing the cosmological…

We use higher-redshift gamma-ray burst (GRB), HII starburst galaxy (HIIG), and quasar angular size (QSO-AS) measurements to constrain six spatially flat and non-flat cosmological models. These three sets of cosmological constraints are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-15 Shulei Cao , Joseph Ryan , Narayan Khadka , Bharat Ratra

The frequency-dependent time delays in fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be used to constrain the photon mass, if the FRB redshifts are known, but the similarity between the frequency dependences of dispersion due to plasma effects and a photon…

Deriving the expansion history of the Universe is a major goal of modern cosmology. To date, the most accurate measurements have been obtained with Type Ia Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, providing evidence for the existence of…

Direct measurements of Hubble parameters $H(z)$ are very useful for cosmological model parameters inference. Based on them, Sahni, Shafieloo and Starobinski introduced a two-point diagnostic $Omh^2(z_i, z_j)$ as an interesting tool for…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-24 Xiaogang Zheng , Marek Biesiada , Xuheng Ding , Shuo Cao , Sixuan Zhang , Zong-Hong Zhu

Dispersion measures (DM) of fast radio bursts (FRBs) probe the density of electrons in the intergalactic medium (IGM) along their lines-of-sight, including the average density versus distance to the source and its variations in direction.…

We propose a model-independent way to determine the cosmic curvature using the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ measured with cosmic chronometers and the comoving distance $D(z)$ inferred from HII galaxies. We employ Gaussian processes to smooth the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-18 Jing Zheng , Fulvio Melia , Tong-Jie Zhang

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration pulses of radio emission originating from extragalactic distances. Radio dispersion on each burst is imparted by intervening plasma mostly located in the intergalactic medium. We observe a…

Fast radio bursts (FRB) probe the electron density of the universe along the path of propagation, making high redshift FRB sensitive to the helium reionization epoch. We analyze the signal to noise with which a detection of the amplitude of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-18 Eric V. Linder

We investigate the three-dimensional clustering of sources emitting electromagnetic pulses traveling through cold electron plasma, whose radial distance is inferred from their dispersion measure. As a distance indicator, dispersion measure…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-03 Shohei Saga , David Alonso

In this paper, based on a 2.29 GHz VLBI all-sky survey of 613 milliarcsecond ultra-compact radio sources with $0.0035<z<3.787$, we describe a method of identifying the sub-sample which can serve as individual standard rulers in cosmology.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-08 Shuo Cao , Marek Biesiada , John Jackson , Xiaogang Zheng , Yuhang Zhao , Zong-Hong Zhu

Weighted mean and median statistics techniques are used to combine 23 independent lower redshift, $z<1.04$, Hubble parameter, $H(z)$, measurements and determine binned forms of $H(z)$. When these are combined with 5 higher redshift,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Omer Farooq , Sara Crandall , Bharat Ratra

Future detection of high-redshift gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) will be an important tool for studying the early Universe. Fast and accurate redshift estimation for detected GRBs is key for encouraging rapid follow-up observations by ground- and…

We investigate whether the current Hubble parameter $H(z)$ measurements could help improve the constraints on dark energy on the basis of the mainstream cosmological probes including the type Ia supernovae (SN) observation, the cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-16 Yan Liu , Rui-Yun Guo , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

We compile a complete collection of reliable Hubble parameter $H(z)$ data to redshift $z \leq 2.36$ and use them with the Gaussian Process method to determine continuous $H(z)$ functions for various data subsets. From these continuous…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-04 Hai Yu , Bharat Ratra , Fa-Yin Wang

Fast radio burst (FRB) science primarily revolves around two facets: the origin of these bursts and their use in cosmological studies. This work follows from previous redshift-dispersion measure ($z$-DM) analyses in which we model…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Jordan Hoffmann , Clancy W. James , Marcin Glowacki , Jason X. Prochaska , Alexa C. Gordon , Adam T. Deller , Ryan M. Shannon , Stuart D. Ryder