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In this paper, we investigate the epidemic spreading for SIR model in weighted scale-free networks with nonlinear infectivity, where the transmission rate in our analytical model is weighted. Concretely, we introduce the infectivity…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-03-06 Xiangwei Chu , Zhongzhi Zhang , Jihong Guan , Shuigeng Zhou

This paper introduces a novel hybrid model combining Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to simulate infectious disease dynamics across geographic regions. By leveraging the spatial detail of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Kristina Kehrer , Martin Weiser , Tim Conrad

The SIR model is a three-compartment model of the time development of an epidemic. After normalizing the dependent variables, the model is a system of two non-linear differential equations for the susceptible proportion $S$ and the infected…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-04-27 William G. Faris

Learning underlying dynamics from data is important and challenging in many real-world scenarios. Incorporating differential equations (DEs) to design continuous networks has drawn much attention recently, however, most prior works make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Yesom Park , Jaemoo Choi , Changyeon Yoon , Chang hoon Song , Myungjoo Kang

Realistic human contact networks capable of spreading infectious disease, for example studied in social contact surveys, exhibit both significant degree heterogeneity and clustering, both of which greatly affect epidemic dynamics. To…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-16 A. Bishop , I. Z. Kiss , T. House

Stochastic epidemic models on networks are inherently high-dimensional and the resulting exact models are intractable numerically even for modest network sizes. Mean-field models provide an alternative but can only capture average…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-03 Francesco Di Lauro , Jean-Charles Croix , Luc Berthouze , István Kiss

We introduce a model for the spreading of epidemics by long-range infections and investigate the critical behaviour at the spreading transition. The model generalizes directed bond percolation and is characterized by a probability…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Haye Hinrichsen , Martin Howard

Malware attacks in today's vast digital ecosystem pose a serious threat. Understanding malware propagation dynamics and designing effective control strategies are therefore essential. In this work, we propose a generic SEIRV model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Samiran Ghosh , V Anil Kumar

Understanding the behavior of stochastic gradient methods is a central problem in modern machine learning. Recent work has highlighted diagonal linear networks as a simplified yet expressive setting for analyzing the optimization and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Begoña García Malaxechebarría , Courtney Paquette , Maryam Fazel , Dmitriy Drusvyatskiy

This paper studies the high-dimensional scaling limits of online stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Building on the recent work of Ben Arous, Gheissari, and Jagannath on the effective dynamics of SGD, we study the critical scaling regime of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-01 Parsa Rangriz

We have derived the governing equations for an SIR model with delay terms in both the infectivity and recovery of the disease. The equations are derived by modelling the dynamics as a continuous time random walk, where individuals move…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-10-14 Christopher N. Angstmann , Stuart-James M. Burney , Anna V. McGann , Zhuang Xu

As global living standards improve and medical technology advances, many infectious diseases have been effectively controlled. However, certain diseases, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, continue to pose significant threats to public…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-24 Ayesha Baig , Li Zhouxin

Ordinary differential equations (ODE) are a popular tool to model the spread of infectious diseases, yet they implicitly assume an exponential distribution to describe the flow from one infection state to another. However, scientific…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Anna Wendler , Lena Plötzke , Hannah Tritzschak , Martin J. Kühn

Complex dynamical systems are prevalent in various domains, but their analysis and prediction are hindered by their high dimensionality and nonlinearity. Dimensionality reduction techniques can simplify the system dynamics by reducing the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Chengyi Tu , Ying Fan , Tianyu Shi

Many spreading processes in our real-life can be considered as a complex contagion, and the linear threshold (LT) model is often applied as a very representative model for this mechanism. Despite its intensive usage, the LT model suffers…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-08-18 Yijun Ran , Xiaomin Deng , Xiaomeng Wang , Tao Jia

Multistrain diseases have multiple distinct coexisting serotypes (strains). For some diseases, such as dengue fever, the serotypes interact by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), in which infection with a single serotype is asymptomatic,…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Leah B. Shaw , Lora Billings , Ira B. Schwartz

We present a modified \emph{susceptible-infected-susceptible} (SIS) model on complex networks, small-world and scale-free, to study epidemic spreading with the effect of time delay which is introduced to the infected phase. Considering the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 Xin-Jian Xu , Hai-Ou Peng , Xiao-Mei Wang , Ying-Hai Wang

We study the scaling limits of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with constant step-size in the high-dimensional regime. We prove limit theorems for the trajectories of summary statistics (i.e., finite-dimensional functions) of SGD as the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-21 Gerard Ben Arous , Reza Gheissari , Aukosh Jagannath

The Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model is a canonical model for emerging disease outbreaks. Such outbreaks are naturally modeled as taking place on networks. A theoretical challenge in network epidemiology is the dynamic correlations…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-06-29 Chao-Ran Cai , Zhi-Xi Wu , Michael Z. Q. Chen , Petter Holme , Jian-Yue Guan

Delay differential equations (DDEs) with large delays play a pivotal role in understanding stability and bifurcations in systems ranging from neural networks to laser dynamics. While prior work has extensively studied DDEs with discrete…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Isam Al-Darabsah , Sue Ann Campbell , Bootan Rahman