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Developing autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires not only safety and efficiency, but also realistic, human-like behaviors that are socially aware and predictable. Achieving this requires sim agent policies that are human-like, fast, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wei-Jer Chang , Akshay Rangesh , Kevin Joseph , Matthew Strong , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Yihan Hu , Wei Zhan

The recently released AlphaZero algorithm achieves superhuman performance in the games of chess, shogi and Go, which raises two open questions. Firstly, as there is a finite number of possibilities in the game, is there a quantifiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Bo Zhang , Bin Chen , Jin-lin Peng

There has been a recent explosion in the capabilities of game-playing artificial intelligence. Many classes of tasks, from video games to motor control to board games, are now solvable by fairly generic algorithms, based on deep learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-18 Vlad Firoiu , Tina Ju , Josh Tenenbaum

DeepSeek-R1-Zero has shown that reinforcement learning (RL) at scale can directly enhance the reasoning capabilities of LLMs without supervised fine-tuning. In this work, we critically examine R1-Zero-like training by analyzing its two core…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zichen Liu , Changyu Chen , Wenjun Li , Penghui Qi , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Wee Sun Lee , Min Lin

The recent development of zero-shot reinforcement learning (RL) has opened a new avenue for learning pre-trained generalist policies that can adapt to arbitrary new tasks in a zero-shot manner. While the popular Forward-Backward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Kexin Zheng , Lauriane Teyssier , Yinan Zheng , Yu Luo , Xianyuan Zhan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Experience replay enables reinforcement learning agents to memorize and reuse past experiences, just as humans replay memories for the situation at hand. Contemporary off-policy algorithms either replay past experiences uniformly or utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Daochen Zha , Kwei-Herng Lai , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu

In 2019, Google DeepMind released MuZero, a model-based reinforcement learning method that achieves strong results in perfect-information games by combining learned dynamics models with Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). However, comparatively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Adam Haile

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find performant policies from logged data without further environment interaction. Model-based algorithms, which learn a model of the environment from the dataset and perform conservative policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Marc Rigter , Bruno Lacerda , Nick Hawes

With the recent advances in solving large, zero-sum extensive form games, there is a growing interest in the inverse problem of inferring underlying game parameters given only access to agent actions. Although a recent work provides a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Chun Kai Ling , Fei Fang , J. Zico Kolter

Deep reinforcement learning repeatedly succeeds in closed, well-defined domains such as games (Chess, Go, StarCraft). The next frontier is real-world scenarios, where setups are numerous and varied. For this, agents need to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Andreea Deac , Théophane Weber , George Papamakarios

Many researchers and developers are exploring for adopting Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) techniques in their applications. They however often find such an adoption challenging. Existing DRL libraries provide poor support for prototyping…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Zihan Ding , Tianyang Yu , Yanhua Huang , Hongming Zhang , Guo Li , Quancheng Guo , Luo Mai , Hao Dong

AlphaZero in 2017 was able to master chess and other games without human knowledge by playing millions of games against itself (self-play), with a computation budget running in the tens of millions of dollars. It used a variant of the Monte…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Ameya Joshi

With current state-of-the-art approaches aimed at enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models(LLMs) through iterative preference learning inspired by AlphaZero, we propose to further enhance the step-wise reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Huchen Jiang , Yangyang Ma , Chaofan Ding , Kexin Luan , Xinhan Di

In 2015, Google's DeepMind announced an advancement in creating an autonomous agent based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) that could beat a professional player in a series of 49 Atari games. However, the current manifestation of DRL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi , Thanh Nguyen

Test-time reasoning significantly enhances pre-trained AI agents' performance. However, it requires an explicit environment model, often unavailable or overly complex in real-world scenarios. While MuZero enables effective model learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ondřej Kubíček , Viliam Lisý

Active Learning (AL) is a powerful tool to address modern machine learning problems with significantly fewer labeled training instances. However, implementation of traditional AL methodologies in practical scenarios is accompanied by…

This paper describes an improvement in Deep Q-learning called Reverse Experience Replay (also RER) that solves the problem of sparse rewards and helps to deal with reward maximizing tasks by sampling transitions successively in reverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Egor Rotinov

Query optimization is a crucial problem in database systems that has been studied for decades. Learned query optimizers (LQOs) can improve performance over time by incorporating feedback; however, they suffer from cold-start issues and…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Hanwen Liu , Qihan Zhang , Ryan Marcus , Ibrahim Sabek

In hierarchical reinforcement learning a major challenge is determining appropriate low-level policies. We propose an unsupervised learning scheme, based on asymmetric self-play from Sukhbaatar et al. (2018), that automatically learns a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Sainbayar Sukhbaatar , Emily Denton , Arthur Szlam , Rob Fergus