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With the rapid accumulation of text data produced by data-driven techniques, the task of extracting "data annotations"--concise, high-quality data summaries from unstructured raw text--has become increasingly important. The recent advances…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Xiaoyu Zhang , Xiwei Xuan , Alden Dima , Thurston Sexton , Kwan-Liu Ma

This document, based on feedback from UMR TETIS members and the scientific literature, provides a generic methodology for creating annotation guidelines and annotated textual datasets (corpora). It covers methodological aspects, as well as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Bahdja Boudoua , Nadia Guiffant , Mathieu Roche , Maguelonne Teisseire , Annelise Tran

This paper presents an analysis of annotation using an automatic pre-annotation for a mid-level annotation complexity task -- dependency syntax annotation. It compares the annotation efforts made by annotators using a pre-annotated version…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Marie Mikulová , Milan Straka , Jan Štěpánek , Barbora Štěpánková , Jan Hajič

Video recordings of child-caregiver interactions enable investigation of attentional dynamics during naturalistic behavior. Such multimodal recording also allows researchers to examine how attention interacts with action and language use in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Iba Baig , Kevin Li , Yanbin Xu , Seiji Cattelain , Marie Hallo , Hayato Ono , Sho Tsuji , Ming Bo Cai

Data annotation is an essential component of the machine learning pipeline; it is also a costly and time-consuming process. With the introduction of transformer-based models, annotation at the document level is increasingly popular;…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Owen Cook , Jake Vasilakes , Ian Roberts , Xingyi Song

Note-taking is a critical practice for capturing, organizing, and reflecting on information in both academic and professional settings. The recent success of large language models has accelerated the development of AI-assisted tools, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Josh Wisoff , Yao Tang , Zhengyu Fang , Jordan Guzman , YuTang Wang , Alex Yu

Single-cell RNA sequencing has transformed our ability to identify diverse cell types and their transcriptomic signatures. However, annotating these signatures-especially those involving poorly characterized genes-remains a major challenge.…

With the increasing research attention on fairness in information retrieval systems, more and more fairness-aware algorithms have been proposed to ensure fairness for a sustainable and healthy retrieval ecosystem. However, as the most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Fumian Chen , Dayu Yang , Hui Fang

State-of-the-art computer vision approaches rely on huge amounts of annotated data. The collection of such data is a time consuming process since it is mainly performed by humans. The literature shows that semi-automatic annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Jonas Jäger , Gereon Reus , Joachim Denzler , Viviane Wolff , Klaus Fricke-Neuderth

Progress in Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) has been historically limited by the size of the available datasets. We present an efficient framework to annotate trajectories and use it to produce a MOT dataset of unprecedented size. In our…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Santiago Manen , Michael Gygli , Dengxin Dai , Luc Van Gool

Annotations in Visual Analytics (VA) have become a common means to support the analysis by integrating additional information into the VA system. That additional information often depends on the current process step in the visual analysis.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Christoph Schmidt , Paul Rosenthal , Heidrun Schumann

Pathology reports contain useful information such as the main involved organ, diagnosis, etc. These information can be identified from the free text reports and used for large-scale statistical analysis or serve as annotation for other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Ruibin Ma , Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen , Gang Li , Wei-Hung Weng , Angela Lin , Krishna Gadepalli , Yuannan Cai

A major challenge in Natural Language Processing is obtaining annotated data for supervised learning. An option is the use of crowdsourcing platforms for data annotation. However, crowdsourcing introduces issues related to the annotator's…

Current approaches to the annotation process focus on annotation schemas, languages for annotation, or are very application driven. In this paper it is proposed that a more flexible architecture for annotation requires a knowledge component…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Afzal Ballim , Nastaran Fatemi , Hatem Ghorbel , Vincenzo Pallotta

Data documents play a central role in recording, presenting, and disseminating data. Despite the proliferation of applications and systems designed to support the analysis, visualization, and communication of data, writing data documents…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Chen Zhu-Tian , Haijun Xia

Weak labeling is a popular weak supervision strategy for Named Entity Recognition (NER) tasks, with the goal of reducing the necessity for hand-crafted annotations. Although there are numerous remarkable annotation tools for NER labeling,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Mengyang Liu , Haozheng Luo , Leonard Thong , Yinghao Li , Chao Zhang , Le Song

Intensive Care Units are complex, data-rich environments where critically ill patients are treated using variety of clinical equipment. The data collected using this equipment can be used clinical staff to gain insight into the condition of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Marceli Wac , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Chris McWilliams , Christopher Bourdeaux

It is necessary to gather real refactoring instances while conducting empirical studies on refactoring. However, existing refactoring detection approaches are insufficient in terms of their accuracy and coverage. Reducing the manual effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Ryo Kuramoto , Motoshi Saeki , Shinpei Hayashi

With the rapid adoption of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) across diverse applications, there is a pressing need for task-centered, high-quality training data. A key limitation of current training datasets is their reliance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xiaoyu Lin , Aniket Ghorpade , Hansheng Zhu , Justin Qiu , Dea Rrozhani , Monica Lama , Mick Yang , Zixuan Bian , Ruohan Ren , Alan B. Hong , Jiatao Gu , Chris Callison-Burch

Objective. Annotation is expensive but essential for clinical note review and clinical natural language processing (cNLP). However, the extent to which computer-generated pre-annotation is beneficial to human annotation is still an open…

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