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In the present paper we show a dichotomy theorem for the complexity of polynomial evaluation. We associate to each graph H a polynomial that encodes all graphs of a fixed size homomorphic to H. We show that this family is computable by…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-10-30 Nicolas de Rugy-Altherre

Continued fractions have a long history in number theory, especially in the area of Diophantine approximation. The aim of this expository paper is to survey the main results on the theory of $p$--adic continued fractions, i.e. continued…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Giuliano Romeo

We derive continued fractions for partition generating functions, utilizing both Euler's techniques and Ramanujan's techniques. Although our results are for integer partitions there is scope to extend this work to vector partitions,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Geoffrey B. Campbell

We study the computational limits of the following general hypothesis testing problem. Let H=H_n be an \emph{arbitrary} undirected graph on n vertices. We study the detection task between a ``null'' Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi random graph G(n,p)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Xifan Yu , Ilias Zadik , Peiyuan Zhang

In this paper we show how to apply various techniques and theorems (including Pincherle's theorem, an extension of Euler's formula equating infinite series and continued fractions, an extension of the corresponding transformation that…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-07 James Mc Laughlin , Nancy J. Wyshinski

We characterize compatible families of real-rooted polynomials, allowing both positive and negative leading coefficients. Our characterization naturally generalizes the same-sign characterization used by Chudnovsky and Seymour in their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-06 Jonathan Leake , Nick Ryder

The Friendship Theorem states that if in a party any pair of persons has precisely one common friend, then there is always a person who is everybody's friend and the theorem has been proved by Paul Erd\H{o}s, Alfr\'{e}d R\'{e}nyi, and Vera…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Myungho Choi , Hojin Chu , Suh-Ryung Kim

In this paper we establish properties of independence for the continued fraction expansions of two algebraic numbers. Roughly speaking, if the continued fraction expansions of two irrational algebraic numbers have the same long sub-word,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-10 Xianzu Lin

We determine all graphs whose matching polynomials have at most five distinct zeros. As a consequence, we find new families of graphs which are determined by their matching polynomial.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-24 Ebrahim Ghorbani

We prove the Pierce--Birkhoff conjecture for splines, i.e., continuous piecewise polynomials of degree $d$ in $n$ variables on a hyperplane partition of $\mathbb{R}^n$, can be written as a finite lattice combination of polynomials. We will…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Zehua Lai , Lek-Heng Lim

This short note presents a peculiar generalization of the Riemann hypothesis, as the action of the permutation group on the elements of continued fractions. The problem is difficult to attack through traditional analytic techniques, and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-01-04 Linas Vepstas

In this paper, we examine roots of graph polynomials where those roots can be considered as structural graph measures. More precisely, we prove analytical results for the roots of certain modified graph polynomials and also discuss…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-11 Simon Brezovnik , Matthias Dehmer , Niko Tratnik , Petra Žigert Pleteršek

This paper describes how many known graph polynomials arise from the coefficients of chromatic symmetric function expansions in different bases, and studies a new polynomial arising by expanding over a basis given by chromatic symmetric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-18 William Chan , Logan Crew

We show connections between a special type of addition formulas and a theorem of Stieltjes and Rogers. We use different techniques to derive the desirable addition formulas. We apply our approach to derive special addition theorems for…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-12-27 Mourad E. H. Ismail , Jiang Zeng

Let $f_1,\dots,f_k\in\mathbb{R}[X]$ be polynomials of degree at most $d$ with $f_1(0)=\dots=f_k(0)=0$. We show that there is an integer $n<x$ such that the fractional parts $\|f_i(n)\|\ll x^{c/k}$ for all $1\le i\le k$ and for some constant…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-25 James Maynard

In this paper, we introduce a new concept namely degree polynomial for vertices of a simple graph. This notion leads to a concept namely degree polynomial sequence which is stronger than the concept of degree sequence. After obtaining the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-02 Reza Jafarpour-Golzari

We construct a class of quadratic irrationals having continued fractions of period $n\geq2$ with "small" partial quotients for which certain integer multiples have continued fractions of period $1$, $2$ or $4$ with "large" partial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-03 Michael Obiero Oyengo

We propose a new approach at Fermat's Last Theorem (FLT) solution: for each FLT equation we associate a polynomial of the same degree. The study of the roots of the polynomial allows us to investigate the FLT validity. This technique,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-11-12 D. De Pedis

In this short note, we give a new sufficient condition for a linear map from a product of copies of a field to endomorphisms of a finite dimensional vector space over the same field to be an algebra homomorphism. We expect that this result…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-07-31 Rajesh S. Kulkarni , Yusuf Mustopa , Ian Shipman

The purpose of this note is to extend to Brownian loops some homology and holonomy results obtained in the case of discrete loops on a graph

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-26 Yves Le Jan