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We develop a unified density-based framework for primality, coprimality, and prime pairs, and introduce an intrinsic normalized model for prime gaps constrained by the Prime Number Theorem. Within this setting, a structural tension between…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Gregorio Vettori

At a crossroads of calculus and combinatorics, the generating function of secant and tangent numbers (Euler numbers) provides enumeration of alternating permutations. In this article, we present a new refinement of Euler numbers to answer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Masato Kobayashi

We have developed a heuristic showing that in the Dirichlet divisor problem for the almost all $n \in \mathbb{N}^{+}$: $$ R(n) \leq O(\psi(n)n^{\frac{1}{4}}) $$ where $$ R(n) = \Big\lvert \sum_{x=1}^{n}\Big\lfloor\frac{n}{x}\Big\rfloor -…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-04 Dmitry S. Pyatin

We establish quantitative results for the statistical be\-ha\-vi\-our of \emph{infinite systems}. We consider two kinds of infinite system: i) a conservative dynamical system $(f,X,\mu)$ preserving a $\sigma$-finite measure $\mu$ such that…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-04-26 Stefano Galatolo , Mark Holland , Tomas Persson , Yiwei Zhang

Stationary determinantal point processes are proved to be Brillinger mixing. This property is an important step towards asymptotic statistics for these processes. As an important example, a central limit theorem for a wide class of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-24 Christophe Ange Napoléon Biscio , Frédéric Lavancier

We show that there are an infinite number of Riemann zeros on the critical line, enumerated by the positive integers $n=1,2,\dotsc$, whose ordinates can be obtained as the solution of a new transcendental equation that depends only on $n$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-03-12 Guilherme França , André LeClair

Let $p$ be a prime number, and $h$ a positive integer such that $\gcd(p,h)=1$. We prove, without invoking Dirichlet's theorem, that the arithmetic progression $p\left(\mathbf{N}\cup \{0\}\right)+h$ contains infinitely many prime numbers.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-11-21 Jhixon Macías

In this article we study in depth the Dirichlet theorem, which states that if a, b are relative prime integers, the sequence p = an + b contains infinite prime numbers, we simplify and generalize this theorem, we enunciate some special…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-06-24 Campo Elías González Pineda

We examine two counting problems that seem very group-theoretic on the surface but, on closer examination, turn out to concern integers with restrictions on their prime factors. First, given an odd prime $q$ and a finite abelian $q$-group…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Jenna Downey , Greg Martin

Let $\Lambda$ be the von Mangoldt function and $r_{Q}\left(n\right)=\sum_{m_{1}+m_{2}^{2}+m_{3}^{2}=n}\Lambda\left(m_{1}\right)$ be the counting function for the numbers that can be written as sum of a prime and two squares (that we will…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-08-24 Marco Cantarini

Two topics of the number theory are discussed in this paper. First, we prove that given each natural number $x\geq10^{3}$, we have \[ |{\rm Li}(x)-\pi(x)|\leq c\sqrt{x}\log x\texttt{ and } \pi(x)={\rm Li}(x)+O(\sqrt{x}\log x) \] where $c$…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-04-02 Shan-Guang Tan

The Selberg sieve provides majorants for certain arithmetic sequences, such as the primes and the twin primes. We prove an L^2-L^p restriction theorem for majorants of this type. An immediate application is to the estimation of exponential…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ben Green , Terence Tao

We consider in this paper the problem of sampling a high-dimensional probability distribution $\pi$ having a density with respect to the Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}^d$, known up to a normalization constant $x \mapsto \pi(x)=…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines

The hyperharmonic numbers h_{n}^{(r)} are defined by means of the classical harmonic numbers. We show that the Euler-type sums with hyperharmonic numbers: {\sigma}(r,m)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}((h_{n}^{(r)})/(n^{m})) can be expressed in terms of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-06 Ayhan Dil , Khristo N. Boyadzhiev

Recently a new proof was given for Beurling's Ingham type theorem on one-dimensional nonharmonic Fourier series, providing explicit constants. We improve this result by applying a short elementary method instead of the previous complex…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2008-12-01 Vilmos Komornik

We present quantitative versions of Bohr's theorem on general Dirichlet series $D=\sum a_{n} e^{-\lambda_{n}s}$ assuming different assumptions on the frequency $\lambda:=(\lambda_{n})$, including the conditions introduced by Bohr and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-03-26 Ingo Schoolmann

Bob Hough recently disproved a long-standing conjecture of Paul Erd\H{o}s regarding covering systems. Inspired by his seminal paper, we describe analogs of covering systems to Boolean functions, and more generally, the problem of covering…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-17 Anthony Zaleski , Doron Zeilberger

We provide examples of multiplicative functions $f$ supported on the squarefree integers, such that on primes $f(p)=\pm1$ and such that $M_f(x):=\sum_{n\leq x} f(n)=o(\sqrt{x})$. Further, by assuming the Riemann hypothesis (RH) we can go…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-22 Marco Aymone

An existing dialogue between number theory and dynamical systems is advanced. A combinatorial device gives necessary and sufficient conditions for a sequence of non-negative integers to count the periodic points in a dynamical system. This…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Graham Everest , Yash Puri , Thomas Ward

Let $\sigma+i\gamma$ be a zero of the Riemann zeta function to the right of the line $\frac{1}{2}+it$. We show that this zero causes large oscillations of the error term of the prime number theorem. Our result is close to optimal both in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-03 Jan-Christoph Schlage-Puchta