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Vehicles of higher automation levels require the creation of situation awareness. One important aspect of this situation awareness is an understanding of the current risk of a driving situation. In this work, we present a novel approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Patrik Feth , Mohammed Naveed Akram , René Schuster , Oliver Wasenmüller

All of the frontier AI companies have published safety frameworks where they define capability thresholds and risk mitigations that determine how they will safely develop and deploy their models. Adoption of systematic approaches to risk…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Simon Mylius

Many research papers have recently focused on behavioral-based driver authentication systems in vehicles. Pushed by Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements, these works propose powerful models to identify drivers through their unique…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Emad Efatinasab , Francesco Marchiori , Denis Donadel , Alessandro Brighente , Mauro Conti

Human reliability remains a critical concern in safety-critical domains such as nuclear power, where operational failures are often linked to human error. While conventional human reliability analysis (HRA) methods have been widely adopted,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Xingyu Xiao , Jiejuan Tong , Peng Chen , Jun Sun , Zhe Sui , Jingang Liang , Hongru Zhao , Jun Zhao , Haitao Wang

A growing number of vehicles are being transformed into semi-autonomous vehicles (Level 2 autonomy) by relying on advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to improve the driving experience. However, the increasing complexity and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Xugui Zhou , Anna Schmedding , Haotian Ren , Lishan Yang , Philip Schowitz , Evgenia Smirni , Homa Alemzadeh

Designing or learning an autonomous driving policy is undoubtedly a challenging task as the policy has to maintain its safety in all corner cases. In order to secure safety in autonomous driving, the ability to detect hazardous situations,…

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to prevent accidents caused by drivers errors and reduce road traffic risks. Due to the nature of heavy vehicles, whose collisions cause more serious crashes, the weights of vehicles need to be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Di Chen , Hao Li , Zhicheng Jin , Huizhao Tu , Meixin Zhu

This comprehensive survey examines the integration of knowledge-based approaches in autonomous driving systems, specifically focusing on trajectory prediction and planning. We extensively analyze various methodologies for incorporating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kumar Manas , Adrian Paschke

As vehicle automation advances, motion planning algorithms face escalating challenges in achieving safe and efficient navigation. Existing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) primarily focus on basic tasks, leaving unexpected…

Modern autonomous systems rely on perception modules to process complex sensor measurements into state estimates. These estimates are then passed to a controller, which uses them to make safety-critical decisions. It is therefore important…

Autonomous driving systems face significant challenges in handling unpredictable edge-case scenarios, such as adversarial pedestrian movements, dangerous vehicle maneuvers, and sudden environmental changes. Current end-to-end driving models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Dianwei Chen , Zifan Zhang , Lei Cheng , Yuchen Liu , Xianfeng Terry Yang

The latest advances in the design of vehicles with the adaptive level of automation pose new challenges in the vehicle-driver interaction. Safety requirements underline the need to explore optimal cockpit architectures with regard to driver…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Ilya Yuskevich , A. Hein , Kahina Amokrane-Ferka , Abdelkrim Doufene , Marija Jankovic

Automated driving functions increasingly rely on machine learning for tasks like perception and trajectory planning, requiring large, relevant datasets. The performance of these algorithms depends on how closely the training data matches…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Michiel Braat , Maren Buermann , Marijke van Weperen , Jan-Pieter Paardekooper

In recent years, imitation learning (IL) has been widely used in industry as the core of autonomous vehicle (AV) planning modules. However, previous IL works show sample inefficiency and low generalisation in safety-critical scenarios, on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yurui Du , Flavia Sofia Acerbo , Jens Kober , Tong Duy Son

We assume that autonomous or highly automated driving (AD) will be accompanied by tough assurance obligations exceeding the requirements of even recent revisions of ISO 26262 or SOTIF. Hence, automotive control and safety engineers have to…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Mario Gleirscher

Automated Driving (AD) systems have the potential to increase safety, comfort and energy efficiency. Recently, major automotive companies have started testing and validating AD systems (ADS) on public roads. Nevertheless, the commercial…

Achieving greater autonomy in automation systems is crucial for handling unforeseen situations effectively. However, this remains challenging due to technological limitations and the complexity of real-world environments. This paper…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Johannes Sigel , Daniel Dittler , Nasser Jazdi , Michael Weyrich

Achieving zero-collision mobility remains a key objective for intelligent vehicle systems, which requires understanding driver risk perception-a complex cognitive process shaped by voluntary response of the driver to external stimuli and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Nakul Agarwal , Yi-Ting Chen , Behzad Dariush

With an increasing degree of automation, automated vehicle systems become more complex in terms of functional components as well as interconnected hardware and software components. Thus, holistic systems engineering becomes a severe…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Gerrit Bagschik , Marcus Nolte , Susanne Ernst , Markus Maurer

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…