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Natural language processing (NLP) plays a significant role in tools for the COVID-19 pandemic response, from detecting misinformation on social media to helping to provide accurate clinical information or summarizing scientific research.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Alexandra Sasha Luccioni , Katherine Hoffmann Pham , Cynthia Sin Nga Lam , Joseph Aylett-Bullock , Miguel Luengo-Oroz

Natural language processing (NLP) technologies are rapidly reshaping how language is created, processed, and analyzed by humans. With current and potential applications in hiring, law, healthcare, and other areas that impact people's lives,…

Large language models (LLMs) are popular for high-quality text generation but can produce harmful content, even when aligned with human values through reinforcement learning. Adversarial prompts can bypass their safety measures. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Mansi Phute , Alec Helbling , Matthew Hull , ShengYun Peng , Sebastian Szyller , Cory Cornelius , Duen Horng Chau

Recent natural language processing (NLP) techniques have accomplished high performance on benchmark datasets, primarily due to the significant improvement in the performance of deep learning. The advances in the research community have led…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Marwan Omar , Soohyeon Choi , DaeHun Nyang , David Mohaisen

The increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in mental healthcare raises safety concerns in high-stakes therapeutic interactions. A key challenge is distinguishing therapeutic empathy from maladaptive validation, where supportive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Qingyang Xu , Yaling Shen , Stephanie Fong , Zimu Wang , Yiwen Jiang , Xiangyu Zhao , Jiahe Liu , Zhongxing Xu , Vincent Lee , Zongyuan Ge

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have been widely deployed in a wide range of applications in the real world, including healthcare diagnostics, financial analysis, customer support, robotics, and autonomous driving,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenrui Xu , Keshab K. Parhi

Recent studies show that neural natural language processing (NLP) models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Injected with backdoors, models perform normally on benign examples but produce attacker-specified predictions when the backdoor is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Fanchao Qi , Yuan Yao , Sophia Xu , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

With the ever growing networking capabilities and services offered to users, attack surfaces have been increasing exponentially, additionally, the intricacy of network architectures has increased the complexity of cyber-defenses, to this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-22 Xavier Bellekens , Gayan Jayasekara , Hanan Hindy , Miroslav Bures , David Brosset , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

Language is the medium for many political activities, from campaigns to news reports. Natural language processing (NLP) uses computational tools to parse text into key information that is needed for policymaking. In this chapter, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Zhijing Jin , Rada Mihalcea

Recent studies have revealed a security threat to natural language processing (NLP) models, called the Backdoor Attack. Victim models can maintain competitive performance on clean samples while behaving abnormally on samples with a specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Wenkai Yang , Lei Li , Zhiyuan Zhang , Xuancheng Ren , Xu Sun , Bin He

Chatbot is a technology that is used to mimic human behavior using natural language. There are different types of Chatbot that can be used as conversational agent in various business domains in order to increase the customer service and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Nazakat Ali

Modern democracies face a critical issue of declining citizen participation in decision-making. Online discussion forums are an important avenue for enhancing citizen participation. This thesis proposal 1) identifies the challenges involved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Michiel van der Meer

The widespread integration of autoregressive-large language models (AR-LLMs), such as ChatGPT, across established applications, like search engines, has introduced critical vulnerabilities with uniquely scalable characteristics. In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Andreas Tsamados , Luciano Floridi , Mariarosaria Taddeo

Adversarial attacks are inputs that are similar to original inputs but altered on purpose. Speech-to-text neural networks that are widely used today are prone to misclassify adversarial attacks. In this study, first, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Ken Alparslan , Yigit Alparslan , Matthew Burlick

As AI systems increasingly influence critical decisions, they face threats that exploit reasoning mechanisms rather than technical infrastructure. We present a framework for cognitive cybersecurity, a systematic protection of AI reasoning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yuksel Aydin

This paper explores deploying a cyber honeypot system to learn how cyber defenders can use a honeypot system as a deception mechanism to gather intelligence. Defenders can gather intelligence about an attacker such as the autonomous system…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Daniel Zielinski , Hisham A. Kholidy

Backdoor attack is a severe threat to the trustworthiness of DNN-based language models. In this paper, we first extend the definition of memorization of language models from sample-wise to more fine-grained sentence element-wise (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhenting Wang , Zhizhi Wang , Mingyu Jin , Mengnan Du , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

Adversarial attacks on Natural Language Processing (NLP) models expose vulnerabilities by introducing subtle perturbations to input text, often leading to misclassification while maintaining human readability. Existing methods typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Hetvi Waghela , Jaydip Sen , Sneha Rakshit , Subhasis Dasgupta

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly adopted across sectors, the need for robust, proactive security strategies is paramount. Traditional defensive measures often fall short against the unique and evolving threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Josh Harguess , Chris M. Ward

Building a dialogue system that can communicate naturally with humans is a challenging yet interesting problem of agent-based computing. The rapid growth in this area is usually hindered by the long-standing problem of data scarcity as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Munazza Zaib , Quan Z. Sheng , Wei Emma Zhang