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In microfluidic devices, droplets serving as carriers for chemical reactors or biomass can form stably encapsulated particles during the freezing process, holding significant importance in pharmaceuticals and microchemical reaction control.…
We describe a comprehensive model for the formation and morphological development of atmospheric ice crystals growing from water vapor, also known as snow crystals. Our model derives in part from empirical measurements of the intrinsic ice…
The interaction of objects with a moving solidification front is a common feature of many industrial and natural processes such as metal processing, the growth of single-crystals, the cryopreservation of cells, or the formation of sea ice.…
Surface icing affects the safety and performance of numerous processes in technology. Previous studies mostly investigated freezing of individual droplets. The interaction among multiple droplets during freezing is investigated less,…
A drop of water that freezes from the outside-in presents an intriguing problem: the expansion of water upon freezing is incompatible with the self-confinement by a rigid ice shell. Using high-speed imaging we show that this conundrum is…
Initially, the acoustic field forced the droplets into an oblate spheroid shape, though the counteracting force of the cooling stream caused them to circularize. Droplet geometry was thus the net result of streaming forces and surface…
In this Letter, we systematically investigate the Leidenfrost temperature for hot solid substrates with various thermal diffusivities and surface roughnesses. Based on the experimental results, we build a phenomenological model that…
I examine the molecular dynamics of ice growth from water vapor, focusing on how the attachment kinetics can be augmented by edge-dependent surface diffusion. Although there are significant uncertainties in developing an accurate physical…
A study of ice formation in stationary turbulent conditions is carried out in various limit regimes of crystal growth, supercooling and ice entrainment at the water surface. Analytical expressions for the temperature, salinity and ice…
Two-length-scale pair potentials arise ubiquitously in condensed matter theory as effective interparticle interactions in molecular, metallic and soft matter systems. The existence of two different bond lengths generated by the shape of…
Experiments and computer simulations have established that liquid water's surfaces can deviate in important ways from familiar bulk behavior. Even in the simplest case of an air-water interface, distinctive layering, orientational biases,…
Almost frictionless skating on ice relies on a thin layer of melted water insulating mechanically the blade of the skate from ice. Using the basic equations of fluid mechanics and Stefan law, we derive a set of two coupled equations for the…
We perform three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of surface-driven convection near the temperature of maximum density $\tilde T_{md}$. A dynamic surface boundary condition couples heat flux through the surface to the induced…
In this study, identical experiments of bottom-cooled solidification fluidic mixtures that exhibit faceted and dendritic microstructures were performed. The strength of compositional convection was correlated with the solidifying…
The structural evolution of suspensions upon freezing is studied with optical microscopy in a suspended droplet configuration. Droplets have millimeter size and consist in an aqueous mixture of silica particles while the surroundings phase…
Molecular dynamic simulations were performed for ice Ih with a free surface by using four water models, SPC/E, TIP4P, TIP4P/Ice and TIP4P/2005. The behavior of the basal plane, the primary prismatic plane and of the secondary prismatic…
The properties of the interface between solid and melt are key to solidification and melting, as the interfacial free energy introduces a kinetic barrier to phase transitions. This makes solidification happen below the melting temperature,…
Ring-like ripples on the surface of icicles are an example of morphological instability of the ice-water interface during ice growth under supercooled water film flow. The surface of icicles is typically covered with ripples of about 1 cm…
Thermal convection in fluid layers heated from below are usually realized experimentally as well as treated theoretically with fixed boundaries on which conditions for the temperature and the velocity field are prescribed. The thermal and…
We examine ice crystal growth from water vapor at temperatures near the melting point, when surface premelting creates a quasiliquid layer at the solid/vapor interface. Recent ice growth measurements as a function of vapor supersaturation…