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Near-term quantum computers are limited by the decoherence of qubits to only being able to run low-depth quantum circuits with acceptable fidelity. This severely restricts what quantum algorithms can be compiled and implemented on such…

Arithmetic operations are an important component of many quantum algorithms. As such, coming up with optimized quantum circuits for these operations leads to more efficient implementations of the corresponding algorithms. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Priyanka Mukhopadhyay , Alexandru Gheorghiu , Hari Krovi

The Clifford hierarchy is a fundamental structure in quantum computation, classifying unitary operators based on their commutation relations with the Pauli group. Despite its significance, the mathematical structure of the hierarchy is not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Zhiyang He , Luke Robitaille , Xinyu Tan

Clifford circuit optimization is an important step in the quantum compilation pipeline. Major compilers employ heuristic approaches. While they are fast, their results are often suboptimal. Minimization of noisy gates, like 2-qubit CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Irfansha Shaik , Jaco van de Pol

Encoding quantum information to protect it from errors is essential for performing large-scale quantum computations. Performing a universal set of quantum gates on encoded states demands a potentially large resource overhead and minimizing…

Non-local higher-energy auxiliary states have been successfully used to entangle pairs of qubits in different quantum computing systems. Typically a longer-span non-local state or sequential application of few-qubit entangling gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-02 Dmitry Solenov

We generalize the concept of folding from surface codes to CSS codes by considering certain dualities within them. In particular, this gives a general method to implement logical operations in suitable LDPC quantum codes using transversal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Simon Burton

We explicitly construct a quantum circuit which exactly generates random three-qubit states. The optimal circuit consists of three CNOT gates and fifteen single qubit elementary rotations, parametrized by fourteen independent angles. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-05-10 Olivier Giraud , Marko Znidaric , Bertrand Georgeot

Checking whether two quantum circuits are equivalent is important for the design and optimization of quantum-computer applications with real-world devices. We consider quantum circuits consisting of Clifford gates, a practically-relevant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-03 Dimitrios Thanos , Tim Coopmans , Alfons Laarman

Multipartite entanglement is an essential aspect of quantum systems, needed to execute quantum algorithms, implement error correction, and achieve quantum-enhanced sensing. In solid-state quantum registers such nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Joseph D. Minnella , Mathieu Ouellet , Amelia R. Klein , Lee C. Bassett

We describe a simple algorithm for sampling $n$-qubit Clifford operators uniformly at random. The algorithm outputs the Clifford operators in the form of quantum circuits with at most $5n + 2n^2$ elementary gates and a maximum depth of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-18 Ewout van den Berg

We explore the flow of quantum correlations in cluster states defined on ladder type graphs as measurements are done on qubits located on the nodes of the cluster. We focus on three qubits at the end of the ladder and compute the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Chandan Mahto , Anil Shaji

Since quantum computing is currently in the NISQ-Era, compilation strategies to reduce the number of gates executed on specific hardware are required. In this work, we utilize the concept of synthesis of a data structure called Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-31 David Winderl , Qunsheng Huang , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend , Richie Yeung

We propose a method of compiling that permits to identify quantum circuits able to simulate arbitrary $n$-qubit unitary operations via the adjustment of angles in single-qubit gates therein. The method of compiling itself extends older…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-06 Rahul P. Singh , A. Mandilara

We present an algorithm for building a circuit that approximates single qubit unitaries with precision {\epsilon} using O(log(1/{\epsilon})) Clifford and T gates and employing up to two ancillary qubits. The algorithm for computing our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-13 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

We show that qubit stabilizer states can be represented by non-negative quasi-probability distributions associated with a Wigner-Weyl-Moyal formalism where Clifford gates are positive state-independent maps. This is accomplished by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-03 Lucas Kocia , Peter Love

We developed a general framework for synthesizing target gates by using a finite set of basic gates, which is a crucial step in quantum compilation. When approximating a gate in SU($n$), a naive brute-force search requires a computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Soichiro Yamazaki , Seiseki Akibue

We present an entirely 2D transversal realization of phase gates at any level of the Clifford hierarchy, and beyond, using non-Abelian surface codes. Our construction encodes a logical qubit in the quantum double $D(G)$ of a non-Abelian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Alison Warman , Sakura Schafer-Nameki

The Clifford$+T$ gate set is commonly used to perform universal quantum computation. In such setup the $T$ gate is typically much more expensive to implement in a fault-tolerant way than Clifford gates. To improve the feasibility of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Vivien Vandaele , Simon Martiel , Simon Perdrix , Christophe Vuillot

Quantum error correction and fault-tolerance have provided the possibility for large scale quantum computations without a detrimental loss of quantum information. A very natural class of gates for fault-tolerant quantum computation is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-12 Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Yafei Yu , Bassam Helou , Raymond Laflamme
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