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We study the variability of major atmospheric absorption features in the disk-integrated spectra of the Earth with future application to Earth-analogs in mind, concentrating on the diurnal timescale. We first analyze observations of the…
Differential spectroscopy during exoplanet transits permits to reconstruct spectra of small stellar surface portions that successively become hidden behind the planet. The center-to-limb behavior of stellar line shapes, asymmetries and…
Spectral retrieval techniques are currently our best tool to interpret the observed exoplanet atmospheric data. Said techniques retrieve the optimal atmospheric components and parameters by identifying the best fit to an observed…
Space-based high contrast imaging mission concepts for studying rocky exoplanets in reflected light are currently under community study. We develop an inverse modeling framework to estimate the science return of such missions given…
Direct imaging and spectroscopy is the likely means by which we will someday identify, confirm, and characterize an Earth-like planet around a nearby Sun-like star. This Chapter summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding…
In the past few decades, there has been intensive research concerning the Unmixing of hyperspectral images. Some methods such as NMF, VCA, and N-FINDR have become standards since they show robustness in dealing with the unmixing of…
Spectral geometric methods have brought revolutionary changes to the field of geometry processing. Of particular interest is the study of the Laplacian spectrum as a compact, isometry and permutation-invariant representation of a shape.…
When modeling global satellite data to recover a planetary magnetic or gravitational potential field and evaluate it elsewhere, the method of choice remains their analysis in terms of spherical harmonics. When only regional data are…
We prepare real-life Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) lensing extraction with the forthcoming Planck satellite data, by studying two systematic effects related to the foregrounds contamination: the impact of foreground residuals after a…
Geometry reconstruction of textureless, non-Lambertian objects under unknown natural illumination (i.e., in the wild) remains challenging as correspondences cannot be established and the reflectance cannot be expressed in simple analytical…
Substances such as chemical compounds are invisible to human eyes, they are usually captured by sensing equipments with their spectral fingerprints. Though spectra of pure chemicals can be identified by visual inspection, the spectra of…
The analysis of exoplanetary atmospheres often relies upon the observation of transit or eclipse events. While very powerful, these snapshots provide mainly 1-dimensional information on the planet structure and do not easily allow precise…
Hyperspectral image unmixing is an inverse problem aiming at recovering the spectral signatures of pure materials of interest (called endmembers) and estimating their proportions (called abundances) in every pixel of the image. However, in…
We present a new approach to component separation in multifrequency CMB experiments by formulating the problem as that of partitioning the sky into pixel clusters such that within each pixel cluster the foregrounds have similar spectrum,…
The hyperspectral unmixing method is an algorithm that extracts material (usually called endmember) data from hyperspectral data cube pixels along with their abundances. Due to a lower spatial resolution of hyperspectral sensors data in…
For the time being, Earth remains the best and only example of a habitable (and inhabited) world. Therefore, it is important to explore and understand the full range of spectral signatures and variability of Earth in order to inform the…
In hyperspectral imaging, spectral unmixing aims at decomposing the image into a set of reference spectral signatures corresponding to the materials present in the observed scene and their relative proportions in every pixel. While a linear…
We present a comprehensive theory of the spectra and atmospheres of irradiated extrasolar giant planets. We explore the dependences on stellar type, orbital distance, cloud characteristics, planet mass, and surface gravity. Phase-averaged…
We present implicit displacement fields, a novel representation for detailed 3D geometry. Inspired by a classic surface deformation technique, displacement mapping, our method represents a complex surface as a smooth base surface plus a…
With the recent discoveries of hundreds of extrasolar planets, the search for planets like Earth and life in the universe, is quickly gaining momentum. In the future, large space observatories could directly detect the light scattered from…