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Optical Ising machines have emerged as a promising dynamical hardware solver for computational hard optimization problems. These Ising machines typically require an optical modulator to represent the analog spin variables of these problems.…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Toon Sevenants , Guy Van der Sande , Guy Verschaffelt

Decades of exponential scaling in high performance computing (HPC) efficiency is coming to an end. Transistor based logic in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is approaching physical limits beyond which further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Fiona Knoll , John T. Daly , Jess J. Meyer

Ising Machine is a promising computing approach for solving combinatorial optimization problems. It is naturally suited for energy-saving and compact in-memory computing implementations with emerging memories. A na\"ive in-memory computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-30 George Higgins Hutchinson , Ethan Sifferman , Tinish Bhattacharya , Dmitri B. Strukov

The growing challenges of scaling digital computing motivate new approaches, especially through the dynamical evolution of physical systems that mimic neural networks and combinatorial optimization problems. While light is a hyper efficient…

Quantum or quantum-inspired Ising machines have recently shown promise in solving combinatorial optimization problems in a short time. Real-world applications, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) scheduling for wireless multi-hop…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Yohei Hamakawa , Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Kosuke Tatsumura

Nature apparently does a lot of computation constantly. If we can harness some of that computation at an appropriate level, we can potentially perform certain type of computation (much) faster and more efficiently than we can do with a von…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Uday Kumar Reddy Vengalam , Yongchao Liu , Tong Geng , Hui Wu , Michael Huang

Spin glasses featured by frustrated interactions and metastable states have important applications in chemistry, material sciences and artificial neural networks. However, the solution of the spin glass models is hindered by the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-10-24 Weiru Fan , Yuxuan Sun , Xingqi Xu , Da-Wei Wang , Shi-Yao Zhu , Hai-Qing Lin

The photonic Ising machine is a new paradigm of optical computing that takes advantage of the unique properties of light wave propagation, parallel processing, and low-loss transmission. Thus, the process of solving combinatorial…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jiayi Ouyang , Yuxuan Liao , Zhiyao Ma , Deyang Kong , Xue Feng , Xiang Zhang , Xiaowen Dong , Kaiyu Cui , Fang Liu , Wei Zhang , Yidong Huang

Combinatorial problems such as combinatorial optimization and constraint satisfaction problems arise in decision-making across various fields of science and technology. In real-world applications, when multiple optimal or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yuta Mizuno , Mohammad Ali , Tamiki Komatsuzaki

The past decade has seen the emergence of Ising machines targeting hard combinatorial optimization problems by minimizing the Ising Hamiltonian with spins represented by continuous dynamical variables. However, capabilities of these…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Aditya Shukla , Mikhail Erementchouk , Pinaki Mazumder

Topology optimization is an essential tool in computational engineering, for example, to improve the design and efficiency of flow channels. At the same time, Ising machines, including digital or quantum annealers, have been used as…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Yudai Suzuki , Shiori Aoki , Fabian Key , Katsuhiro Endo , Yoshiki Matsuda , Shu Tanaka , Marek Behr , Mayu Muramatsu

As we approach the physical limits predicted by Moore's law, a variety of specialized hardware is emerging to tackle specialized tasks in different domains. Within combinatorial optimization, adiabatic quantum computers, CMOS annealers, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Xiaoyuan Liu , Hayato Ushijima-Mwesigwa , Avradip Mandal , Sarvagya Upadhyay , Ilya Safro , Arnab Roy

Combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in industrial applications. However, finding optimal or close-to-optimal solutions can often be extremely hard. Because some of these problems can be mapped to the ground-state search of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Junpeng Hou , Amin Barzegar , Helmut G. Katzgraber

We show that the nonlinear stochastic dynamics of a measurement-feedback-based coherent Ising machine (MFB-CIM) in the presence of quantum noise can be exploited to sample degenerate ground and low-energy spin configurations of the Ising…

We present the Ising noise filter, a highly portable, graph-based pre-filtering algorithm for early-stage background suppression in particle accelerators and astrophysical detectors. Standard noise rejection methods relying on track fitting…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-26 I. Kharuk

The ever increasing demand for computational power combined with the predicted plateau for the miniaturization of existing silicon-based technologies has made the search for low power alternatives an industrial and scientifically engaging…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Victor H. González , Artem Litvinenko , Akash Kumar , Roman Khymyn , Johan Åkerman

Ising machines are physical platforms designed to minimize the energy of classical Ising Hamiltonians, yet accessing specific excited states remains an open challenge of both fundamental and practical relevance. In this letter we show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Jacopo Tosca , Cristiano Ciuti , Claudio Conti , Marcello Calvanese Strinati

Optical computing often employs tailor-made hardware to implement specific algorithms, trading generality for improved performance in key aspects like speed and power efficiency. An important computing approach that is still missing its…

Ising machines are specialized computers for finding the lowest energy states of Ising spin models, onto which many practical combinatorial optimization problems can be mapped. Simulated bifurcation (SB) is a quantum-inspired parallelizable…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Tomoya Kashimata , Masaya Yamasaki , Ryo Hidaka , Kosuke Tatsumura

The race to heuristically solve non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) problems through efficient methods is ongoing. Recently, optics was demonstrated as a promising tool to find the ground state of a spin-glass Ising Hamiltonian, which…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2022-03-14 Gianni Jacucci , Louis Delloye , Davide Pierangeli , Mushegh Rafayelyan , Claudio Conti , Sylvain Gigan