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The multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem (mTSP) is a general extension of the famous NP-hard Traveling Salesmen Problem (TSP), that there are m (m > 1) salesmen to visit the cities. In this paper, we address the mTSP with both the minsum…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jiongzhi Zheng , Yawei Hong , Wenchang Xu , Wentao Li , Yongfu Chen

Traffic Signal Control (TSC) involves a challenging trade-off: classic heuristics are efficient but oversimplified, while Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) achieves high performance yet suffers from poor generalization and opaque policies.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Ruibing Wang , Shuhan Guo , Zeen Li , Zhen Wang , Quanming Yao

This paper presents a novel and efficient heuristic framework for approximating the solutions to the multiple traveling salesmen problem (m-TSP) and other variants on the TSP. The approach adopted in this paper is an extension of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-15 Mayank Baranwal , Brian Roehl , Srinivasa M. Salapaka

We design a new iterative algorithm, called REINFORCE-OPT, for solving a general type of optimization problems. This algorithm parameterizes the solution search rule and iteratively updates the parameter using a reinforcement learning (RL)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-27 Chen Xu , Yun-Bin Zhao , Zhipeng Lu , Ye Zhang

The Dubins Traveling Salesman Problem (DTSP) has generated significant interest over the last decade due to its occurrence in several civil and military surveillance applications. Currently, there is no algorithm that can find an optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-07 Satyanarayana Manyam , Sivakumar Rathinam

Real-time heuristic search is a popular model of acting and learning in intelligent autonomous agents. Learning real-time search agents improve their performance over time by acquiring and refining a value function guiding the application…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vadim Bulitko

Algorithms designed for routing problems typically rely on high-quality candidate edges to guide their search, aiming to reduce the search space and enhance the search efficiency. However, many existing algorithms, like the classical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Long Wang , Jiongzhi Zheng , Zhengda Xiong , ChuMin Li , Kun He

An important variant of the classic Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is the Dynamic TSP, in which a system with dynamic constraints is tasked with visiting a set of n target locations (in any order) in the shortest amount of time. Such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Aviv Adler , Oren Gal , Sertac Karaman

In this paper, we propose a new method called the Reinforced Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (RHGA) for solving the famous NP-hard Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Specifically, we combine reinforcement learning with the well-known Edge Assembly…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Jiongzhi Zheng , Jialun Zhong , Menglei Chen , Kun He

Many sequential decision-making problems can be formulated as shortest-path problems, where the objective is to reach a goal state from a given starting state. Heuristic search is a standard approach for solving such problems, relying on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Gal Hadar , Forest Agostinelli , Shahaf S. Shperberg

In this paper a deep reinforcement based multi-agent path planning approach is introduced. The experiments are realized in a simulation environment and in this environment different multi-agent path planning problems are produced. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Mert Çetinkaya

We propose UTSP, an unsupervised learning (UL) framework for solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We train a Graph Neural Network (GNN) using a surrogate loss. The GNN outputs a heat map representing the probability for each edge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Yimeng Min , Yiwei Bai , Carla P. Gomes

In this paper, we consider the Online Traveling Salesperson Problem (OLTSP) where the locations of the requests are known in advance, but not their arrival times. We study both the open variant, in which the algorithm is not required to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Evripidis Bampis , Bruno Escoffier , Niklas Hahn , Michalis Xefteris

We present novel path-slicing strategies integrated with quantum local search to optimize solutions for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), addressing the limitations of current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technologies. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Chen-Yu Liu , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wei-hao Huang , Yu Yamashiro

The integration of Reinforcement Learning (RL) with heuristic methods is an emerging trend for solving optimization problems, which leverages RL's ability to learn from the data generated during the search process. One promising approach is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Arthur Müller , Lukas Vollenkemper

The moving target traveling salesman problem with obstacles (MT-TSP-O) seeks an obstacle-free trajectory for an agent that intercepts a given set of moving targets, each within specified time windows, and returns to the agent's starting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Anoop Bhat , Geordan Gutow , Bhaskar Vundurthy , Zhongqiang Ren , Sivakumar Rathinam , Howie Choset

The ML-Constructive heuristic is a recently presented method and the first hybrid method capable of scaling up to real scale traveling salesman problems. It combines machine learning techniques and classic optimization techniques. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Tommaso Vitali , Umberto Junior Mele , Luca Maria Gambardella , Roberto Montemanni

2-Opt is probably the most basic local search heuristic for the TSP. This heuristic achieves amazingly good results on real world Euclidean instances both with respect to running time and approximation ratio. There are numerous experimental…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Matthias Englert , Heiko Röglin , Berthold Vöcking

One less addressed issue of deep reinforcement learning is the lack of generalization capability based on new state and new target, for complex tasks, it is necessary to give the correct strategy and evaluate all possible actions for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Mincong Luo , Yin Tong , Jiachi Liu

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most famous optimization problems. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is one of metaheuristics that have been applied to TSP. The Crossover and mutation operators are two important elements of GA.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Hassan Ismkhan , Kamran Zamanifar