English
Related papers

Related papers: Learning 2-opt Heuristics for the Traveling Salesm…

200 papers

We consider a settings of hierarchical reinforcement learning, in which the reward is a sum of components. For each component we are given a policy that maximizes it and our goal is to assemble a policy from the individual policies that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Tom Zahavy , Avinatan Hasidim , Haim Kaplan , Yishay Mansour

The 2-Opt heuristic is a simple improvement heuristic for the Traveling Salesman Problem. It starts with an arbitrary tour and then repeatedly replaces two edges of the tour by two other edges, as long as this yields a shorter tour. We will…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Ulrich A. Brodowsky , Stefan Hougardy

In this work, a novel idea is presented for combinatorial optimization problems, a hybrid network, which results in a superior outcome. We applied this method to graph pointer networks [1], expanding its capabilities to a higher level. We…

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is the most popular and most studied combinatorial problem, starting with von Neumann in 1951. It has driven the discovery of several optimization techniques such as cutting planes, branch-and-bound,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Xavier Bresson , Thomas Laurent

The emergence of truck-drone collaborative systems in last-mile logistics has positioned the Traveling Salesman Problem with Drones (TSP-D) as a pivotal extension of classical routing optimization, where synchronized vehicle coordination…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Taihelong Zeng , Yun Lin , Yuhe Shi , Yan Li , Zhiqing Wei , Xuanru Ji

Combinatorial optimization is widely applied in a number of areas nowadays. Unfortunately, many combinatorial optimization problems are NP-hard which usually means that they are unsolvable in practice. However, it is often unnecessary to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-07-10 Daniel Karapetyan

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is an extension of the well-known traveling salesman problem. In GTSP, we are given a partition of cities into groups and we are required to find a minimum length tour that includes exactly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Gregory Gutin , Daniel Karapetyan

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is among the most famous NP-hard optimization problems. We design for this problem a randomized polynomial-time algorithm that computes a (1+eps)-approximation to the optimal tour, for any fixed eps>0,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Yair Bartal , Lee-Ad Gottlieb , Robert Krauthgamer

This work presents a tensor-network formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and several of its variants. The approach represents candidate tours with tensor-network layers, weights them by Boltzmann factors, and enforces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Alejandro Mata Ali , Iñigo Perez Delgado , Aitor Moreno Fdez. de Leceta

The traveling purchaser problem (TPP) is an important combinatorial optimization problem with broad applications. Due to the coupling between routing and purchasing, existing works on TPPs commonly address route construction and purchase…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Haofeng Yuan , Rongping Zhu , Wanlu Yang , Shiji Song , Keyou You , Wei Fan , C. L. Philip Chen

We propose a framework of genetic algorithms which use multi-level hierarchies to solve an optimization problem by searching over the space of simpler objective functions. We solve a variant of Travelling Salesman Problem called…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Harshavardhan Kamarthi , Kousik Krishnan

We present a self-learning approach that combines deep reinforcement learning and Monte Carlo tree search to solve the traveling salesman problem. The proposed approach has two advantages. First, it adopts deep reinforcement learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Zhihao Xing , Shikui Tu , Lei Xu

Combinatorial optimization problems like the Traveling Salesman Problem are critical in industry yet NP-hard. Neural Combinatorial Optimization has shown promise, but its reliance on online reinforcement learning (RL) hampers deployment and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hironori Ohigashi , Shinichiro Hamada

In this work we focus on the well-known Euclidean Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) and two highly competitive inexact heuristic TSP solvers, EAX and LKH, in the context of per-instance algorithm selection (AS). We evolve instances with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Moritz Seiler , Janina Pohl , Jakob Bossek , Pascal Kerschke , Heike Trautmann

We propose a learning algorithm for solving the traveling salesman problem based on a simple strategy of trial and adaptation: i) A tour is selected by choosing cities probabilistically according to the ``synaptic'' strengths between…

adap-org · Physics 2009-10-28 Kan Chen

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical NP-hard problem and has broad applications in many disciplines and industries. In a large scale location-based services system, users issue TSP queries concurrently, where a TSP query is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Kangfei Zhao , Shengcai Liu , Yu Rong , Jeffrey Xu Yu

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), as a classic routing optimization problem originally arising in the domain of transportation and logistics, has become a critical task in broader domains, such as manufacturing and biology. Recently, Deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yan Jin , Yuandong Ding , Xuanhao Pan , Kun He , Li Zhao , Tao Qin , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

The 2-opt heuristic is a very simple local search heuristic for the traveling salesperson problem. In practice it usually converges quickly to solutions within a few percentages of optimality. In contrast to this, its running-time is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Marvin Künnemann , Bodo Manthey , Rianne Veenstra

The 2-opt heuristic is a simple local search heuristic for the Travelling Salesperson Problem (TSP). Although it usually performs well in practice, its worst-case running time is poor. Attempts to reconcile this difference have used…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Bodo Manthey , Jesse van Rhijn

We present a physics inspired heuristic method for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Our approach is specifically motivated by the desire to avoid trapping in metastable local minima- a common occurrence in hard problems with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-03-15 Bo Sun , Blake Leonard , Peter Ronhovde , Zohar Nussinov