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In two spatial dimensions, spin characterizes how particle states re-phase under changes of frame that leave their momentum and energy invariant. Massless particles can in principle have non-trivial spin in this sense, but all existing…
The intrinsic excitation energy of fission fragments is dynamically evaluated in terms of the time dependent pairing equations. These equations are corroborated with two conditions. One of them fixes the number of particles and the another…
Using a 2-1/2-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code to simulate the relativistic expansion of a magnetized collisionless plasma into a vacuum, we report a new mechanism in which the magnetic energy is efficiently converted into the…
Plasmoids -- magnetized quasi-circular structures formed self-consistently in reconnecting current sheets -- were previously considered to be the graveyards of energetic particles. In this paper, we demonstrate the important role of…
Plasma-based accelerators have made impressive progress in recent years. However, the beam energy spread obtained in these accelerators is still at ~ 1 % level, nearly one order of magnitude larger than what is needed for challenging…
Reconnection outflows are highly energetic directed flows that interact with the ambient plasma or with flows from other reconnection regions. Under these conditions the flow becomes highly unstable and chaotic, as any flow jets interacting…
Changing the microstructure properties of a space-time metamaterial while a wave is propagating through it, in general requires addition or removal of energy, which can be of exponential form depending on the type of modulation. This limits…
The bubble structure generated by laser and plasma interactions changes in size depending on the local plasma density. The self injection electrons position with respect to wakefield can be controlled by tailoring the longitudinal plasma…
Here we consider system of infinite number of particles where any particle cannot escape to infinity. We define what means escape of energy to infinity and apply this notion to the case when constant force provides energy to one of the…
We consider resonant inverse Compton scattering of thermal photons by secondary particles above the pulsar polar gap. The process appears to be an essential energy loss mechanism for the particles. The distribution function of the secondary…
If we have a particle immersed in a field of random forces, each interaction of the particle with the field can enlarge or diminish its kinetic energy. In this work is shown that in general, for any field of random force with uniform…
The energy loss of a highly energetic parton in a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma is studied as an initial value problem. An extremely prolate plasma, where the momentum distribution is infinitely elongated along one direction, is…
We obtain new expressions for the Casimir energy between plates that are mimicked by the most general possible boundary conditions allowed by the principles of quantum field theory. This result enables to provide the quantum vacuum energy…
In one-dimension, the diffusion of particles along a line is slowed by the addition of energy barriers. The same is true in two-dimensions, provided that the confining channel in which the particles move doesn't change shape. However, if…
Based on the generic acceleration model, which suggests different types of electromagnetic interactions between the cosmic charged particles and the different configurations of the electromagnetic (plasma) fields, the ultra high energy…
The detail structure of energy output and the dynamic characteristics of electric spark discharge process have been studied to calculate the energy of electric spark induced plasma under different discharge condition accurately. A series of…
A one-dimensional reaction-diffusion model consisting of two species of particles and vacancies on a ring is introduced. The number of particles in one species is conserved while in the other species it can fluctuate because of creation and…
Energy and momentum of the elementary excitations become independent variables in medium: energy and momentum statistical distributions are not identical. The momentum distribution and not the energy distribution is relevant for barrier…
We obtain an expression for the energy of the density wave propagating in a multicomponent gravitating medium in the form well known from electrodynamics. Using the above, the possibility of "triple production" of the quasi-particles, or…
The nature of the glass transition is one of the most important unsolved problems in condensed matter physics. The difference between glasses and liquids is believed to be caused by very large free energy barriers for particle…