Related papers: Available Energy from Diffusive and Reversible Pha…
At electromagnetic interactions of particles there arises defect of masses, i.e. the energy is liberated since the particles of the different charges are attracted. It is shown that this change of the effective mass of a particle in the…
Magnetic reconnection is invoked as one of the primary mechanisms to produce energetic particles. We employ large-scale three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell simulations of reconnection in magnetically-dominated ($\sigma=10$) pair plasmas…
In electrostatics, we can use either potential energy or field energy to ensure conservation of energy. In electrodynamics, the former option is unavailable. To ensure conservation of energy, we must attribute energy to the electromagnetic…
The ubiquitous turbulence in astrophysical plasmas is important for both magnetic reconnection and reconnection acceleration. We study the particle acceleration during fast 3D turbulent reconnection with reconnection-driven turbulence.…
Charged particles in a magnetosphere are spontaneously attracted to a planet while increasing their kinetic energy via inward diffusion process. A constraint on particles' micro-scale adiabatic invariants restricts the class of motions…
We calculate the energy of a homogeneous one component plasma and find that the energy is lower for correlated motions of the particles as compared to uncorrelated motion. Our starting point is the conserved approximately relativistic…
For a Z-pinch geometry, we report on the nonlinear redistribution of free energy across scales perpendicular to the magnetic guide field, for a turbulent plasma described in the framework of gyrokinetics. The analysis is performed using a…
The explicit expression of ergotropy (a.k.a. available energy) of a classical system is known for the case when the system phase space density is continuous and with no plateaus. Here we provide the general expression of ergotropy that…
Experiments quantifying the rotational and translational motion of particles in a dense, driven, 2D granular gas floating on an air table reveal that kinetic energy is divided equally between the two translational and one rotational degrees…
Based on a recent communication by the present authors the question of energy dissipation in magneto hydrodynamical waves in an inflating background in general relativity is examined. It is found that the expanding background introduces a…
This article presents a new approach to the dynamics of a particle system, divided into two distinct microstates spreading out in a homogeneous medium. The particles belonging to the main microstate spread according to classical Fick's law…
Particle-in-cell merging algorithms aim to resample dynamically the six-dimensional phase space occupied by particles without distorting substantially the physical description of the system. Whereas various approaches have been proposed in…
The experimental emission probabilities of complex fragments by low energy compound nuclei and their dependence upon energy and atomic number are compared to the transition state rates. Intermediate-mass-fragment multiplicity distributions…
The aggregation of particles in the free molecular regime is determined approximately for situations with a high degree of translational energy equilibration. The mean particle sizes develop linearly in time. Scaling relations are used to…
Frequency upconversion of an electromagnetic wave can occur in ionized plasma with decreasing electric permittivity and in split-ring resonator-structure metamaterials with decreasing magnetic permeability. We develop a general theory to…
It is well known that although the group velocity of structured light pulses propagating in vacuum can be subluminal or superluminal, the upper limit of the energy flow velocity is c, the speed of light in vacuum. This inequality can be…
In semiconductor manufacturing, contamination due to particulates significantly decreases the yield and quality of device fabrication, therefore increasing the cost of production. Dust particle clouds can be found in almost all plasma…
A phase space formulation of the filtering process upon an incident quantum state is developed. This formulation can explain the results of both quantum interference and delayed-choice experiments without making use of the controversial…
We consider a two-dimensional complex plasma layer containing charged dust particles in a perpendicular magnetic field. Computer simulations of both one-component and binary systems are used to explore the equilibrium particle dynamics in…
We study the influence on diffusion in one dimension of a potential energy perturbation varying as a power in space and time. We concentrate on the case of a parabolic perturbation in space decaying as $t^{-\omega}$ which shows a rich…