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Imitation learning algorithms can be used to learn a policy from expert demonstrations without access to a reward signal. However, most existing approaches are not applicable in multi-agent settings due to the existence of multiple (Nash)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Jiaming Song , Hongyu Ren , Dorsa Sadigh , Stefano Ermon

Reinforcement learning algorithms in multi-agent systems deliver highly resilient and adaptable solutions for common problems in telecommunications,aerospace, and industrial robotics. However, achieving an optimal global goal remains a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Changgang Zheng , Shufan Yang , Juan Parra-Ullauri , Antonio Garcia-Dominguez , Nelly Bencomo

Multi-agent reinforcement learning in mixed-motive settings presents a fundamental challenge: agents must balance individual interests with collective goals, which are neither fully aligned nor strictly opposed. To address this, reward…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Woojun Kim , Katia Sycara

To be helpful assistants, AI agents must be aware of their own capabilities and limitations. This includes knowing when to answer from parametric knowledge versus using tools, when to trust tool outputs, and when to abstain or hedge. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jacob Eisenstein , Reza Aghajani , Adam Fisch , Dheeru Dua , Fantine Huot , Mirella Lapata , Vicky Zayats , Jonathan Berant

Multi-agent reinforcement learning offers a way to study how communication could emerge in communities of agents needing to solve specific problems. In this paper, we study the emergence of communication in the negotiation environment, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Kris Cao , Angeliki Lazaridou , Marc Lanctot , Joel Z Leibo , Karl Tuyls , Stephen Clark

We study systems of interacting reinforced stochastic processes, where agents' decisions evolve under reinforcement, network-mediated interactions, and environmental influences. In competitive environments with irreducible networks, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Michele Aleandri , Paolo Dai Pra , Ida Germana Minelli

Traffic scenarios are inherently interactive. Multiple decision-makers predict the actions of others and choose strategies that maximize their rewards. We view these interactions from the perspective of game theory which introduces various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Christian Muench , Frans A. Oliehoek , Dariu M. Gavrila

Sample efficiency is a critical challenge in reinforcement learning. Model-based RL has emerged as a solution, but its application has largely been confined to single-agent scenarios. In this work, we introduce CoDreamer, an extension of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Edan Toledo , Amanda Prorok

We consider the problem of using logged data to make predictions about what would happen if we changed the `rules of the game' in a multi-agent system. This task is difficult because in many cases we observe actions individuals take but not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Alexander Peysakhovich , Christian Kroer , Adam Lerer

Self-evolution is a central research topic in enabling large language model (LLM)-based agents to continually improve their capabilities after pretraining. Recent research has witnessed a transition from reinforcement learning (RL)-free to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiangyuan Xue , Yifan Zhou , Guibin Zhang , Zaibin Zhang , Yijiang Li , Chen Zhang , Zhenfei Yin , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

A fundamental challenge in multiagent reinforcement learning is to learn beneficial behaviors in a shared environment with other simultaneously learning agents. In particular, each agent perceives the environment as effectively…

This paper addresses the problem of positive consensus of directed multi-agent systems with observer-type output-feedback protocols. More specifically, directed graph is used to model the communication topology of the multi-agent system and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-02 Nachuan Yang , Yonghua Yin , Jinrong Liu

We study the problem of designing autonomous agents that can learn to cooperate effectively with a potentially suboptimal partner while having no access to the joint reward function. This problem is modeled as a cooperative episodic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Thomas Kleine Buening , Anne-Marie George , Christos Dimitrakakis

The automation of factories and manufacturing processes has been accelerating over the past few years, boosted by the Industry 4.0 paradigm, including diverse scenarios with mobile, flexible agents. Efficient coordination between mobile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Federico Mason , Federico Chiariotti , Andrea Zanella , Petar Popovski

We study a distributed decision-making problem in which multiple agents face the same multi-armed bandit (MAB), and each agent makes sequential choices among arms to maximize its own individual reward. The agents cooperate by sharing their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-13 Peter Landgren , Vaibhav Srivastava , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

Traditional radio systems are strictly co-designed on the lower levels of the OSI stack for compatibility and efficiency. Although this has enabled the success of radio communications, it has also introduced lengthy standardization…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-01-16 Colin de Vrieze , Shane Barratt , Daniel Tsai , Anant Sahai

We propose an interactive multimodal framework for language learning. Instead of being passively exposed to large amounts of natural text, our learners (implemented as feed-forward neural networks) engage in cooperative referential games…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Angeliki Lazaridou , Nghia The Pham , Marco Baroni

This paper addresses the task of joint multi-agent perception and planning, especially as it relates to the real-world challenge of collision-free navigation for connected self-driving vehicles. For this task, several communication-enabled…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Nathaniel Moore Glaser , Zsolt Kira

Learning collaborative behaviors is essential for multi-agent systems. Traditionally, multi-agent reinforcement learning solves this implicitly through a joint reward and centralized observations, assuming collaborative behavior will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengran Ji , Lingyu Zhang , Paul Sajda , Boyuan Chen

In a multi-agent system, agents share their local observations to gain global situational awareness for decision making and collaboration using a message passing system. When to send a message, how to encode a message, and how to leverage…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Qinwei Huang , Chen Luo , Alex B. Wu , Simon Khan , Hai Li , Qinru Qiu