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Traditional auction theory posits that bid value exhibits a positive correlation with the probability of securing the auctioned object in ascending auctions. However, under uncertainty and incomplete information, as is characteristic in…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-19 Dipankar Das

Constrained reinforcement learning is to maximize the expected reward subject to constraints on utilities/costs. However, the training environment may not be the same as the test one, due to, e.g., modeling error, adversarial attack,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Yue Wang , Fei Miao , Shaofeng Zou

In real time electricity markets, the objective of generation companies while bidding is to maximize their profit. The strategies for learning optimal bidding have been formulated through game theoretical approaches and stochastic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Jahnvi Patel , Devika Jay , Balaraman Ravindran , K. Shanti Swarup

In this paper, we study how a budget-constrained bidder should learn to bid adaptively in repeated first-price auctions to maximize cumulative payoff. This problem arises from the recent industry-wide shift from second-price auctions to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yige Wang , Jiashuo Jiang

Automated bidding to optimize online advertising with various constraints, e.g. ROI constraints and budget constraints, is widely adopted by advertisers. A key challenge lies in designing algorithms for non-truthful mechanisms with ROI…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yuan Deng , Yilin Li , Wei Tang , Hanrui Zhang

In this paper, we deal with the uncertainty of bidding for display advertising. Similar to the financial market trading, real-time bidding (RTB) based display advertising employs an auction mechanism to automate the impression level media…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-23 Haifeng Zhang , Weinan Zhang , Yifei Rong , Kan Ren , Wenxin Li , Jun Wang

In this study, we apply reinforcement learning techniques and propose what we call reinforcement mechanism design to tackle the dynamic pricing problem in sponsored search auctions. In contrast to previous game-theoretical approaches that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Weiran Shen , Binghui Peng , Hanpeng Liu , Michael Zhang , Ruohan Qian , Yan Hong , Zhi Guo , Zongyao Ding , Pengjun Lu , Pingzhong Tang

In this paper, we study the problem of learning to bid in repeated first-price auctions with budget constraints. In each period, the decision maker needs to submit a bid to win the auction and maximize the total collected reward, subject to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Zeng Fu , Jiashuo Jiang , Yuan Zhou

In the Real-Time Bidding (RTB), advertisers are increasingly relying on bid optimization to gain more conversions (i.e trade or arrival). Currently, the efficiency of bid optimization is still challenged by the (1) sparse feedback, (2) the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Xiao Wang , Shaoguo Liu , Yidong Jia , Yuxin Fu , Yufang Yu , Liang Wang , Bo Zheng

We study a game between autobidding algorithms that compete in an online advertising platform. Each autobidder is tasked with maximizing its advertiser's total value over multiple rounds of a repeated auction, subject to budget and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Brendan Lucier , Sarath Pattathil , Aleksandrs Slivkins , Mengxiao Zhang

Auto-bidding systems are widely used in advertising to automatically determine bid values under constraints such as total budget and Return-on-Spend (RoS) targets. Existing works often assume that the value of an ad impression, such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiale Han , Chun Gan , Chengcheng Zhang , Jie He , Zhangang Lin , Ching Law , Xiaowu Dai

In modern advertising platforms, learning algorithms are deployed by budget-constrained bidders to maximize their accumulated value. These algorithms often offer classical utility guarantees like no-regret, i.e., the agent's utility is at…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Giannis Fikioris , Robert Kleinberg , Yoav Kolumbus , Yishay Mansour , Eva Tardos

Auto-bidding plays an important role in online advertising and has become a crucial tool for advertisers and advertising platforms to meet their performance objectives and optimize the efficiency of ad delivery. Advertisers employing…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Bin Li , Xiao Yang , Daren Sun , Zhi Ji , Zhen Jiang , Cong Han , Dong Hao

We study the optimal behavior of a bidder in a real-time auction subject to the requirement that a specified collections of heterogeneous items be acquired within given time constraints. The problem facing this bidder is cast as a…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Ryan J. Kinnear , Ravi R. Mazumdar , Peter Marbach

Real-Time Bidding (RTB) is revolutionising display advertising by facilitating per-impression auctions to buy ad impressions as they are being generated. Being able to use impression-level data, such as user cookies, encourages user…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-03-04 Weinan Zhang , Yifei Rong , Jun Wang , Tianchi Zhu , Xiaofan Wang

Transmission expansion planning in electricity markets is tightly coupled with the strategic bidding behaviors of generation companies. This paper proposes a Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based co-optimization framework that simultaneously…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Tomonari Kanazawa , Hikaru Hoshino , Eiko Furutani

We consider the "Offline Ad Slot Scheduling" problem, where advertisers must be scheduled to "sponsored search" slots during a given period of time. Advertisers specify a budget constraint, as well as a maximum cost per click, and may not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2008-01-21 Jon Feldman , S. Muthukrishnan , Evdokia Nikolova , Martin Pal

We analyze the problem of how to optimally bid for ad spaces in online ad auctions. For this we consider the general case of multiple ad campaigns with overlapping targeting criteria. In our analysis we first characterize the structure of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-16 Erik Tillberg , Peter Marbach , Ravi Mazumdar

Real-time advertising allows advertisers to bid for each impression for a visiting user. To optimize specific goals such as maximizing revenue and return on investment (ROI) led by ad placements, advertisers not only need to estimate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-02 Junqi Jin , Chengru Song , Han Li , Kun Gai , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

We study the bidding problem in repeated uniform price multi-unit auctions from the perspective of a value-maximizing buyer. The buyer aims to maximize their cumulative value over $T$ rounds while adhering to per-round return-on-investment…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Negin Golrezaei , Sourav Sahoo