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The observations from pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), led by the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), have provided opportunities to constrain primordial gravitational waves at low frequencies. In this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 Lu Yin

We present observations and timing analyses of 68 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) comprising the 15-year data set of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav). NANOGrav is a pulsar timing array (PTA) experiment…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-29 Gabriella Agazie , Md Faisal Alam , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Paul T. Baker , Laura Blecha , Victoria Bonidie , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , Bence Bécsy , Christopher Chapman , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil J. Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Timothy Dolch , Brendan Drachler , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Kayhan Gültekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Ross J. Jennings , Cody Jessup , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Anastasia Kuske , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Ye Lin , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Kaleb Maraccini , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Elisa Panciu , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Laura Salo , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Carl Schmiedekamp , Ann Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Qiaohong Wang , Caitlin A. Witt , Olivia Young

The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) is a collaboration of researchers who are actively engaged in using North American radio telescopes to detect and study gravitational waves via pulsar timing. To…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Maura McLaughlin

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect gravitational waves (GWs) at nHz frequencies. The expected dominant signal is given by the superposition of all waves emitted by the cosmological population of supermassive black hole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Alberto Sesana

The direct detection of Gravitational Waves (GWs) by Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is very likely within the next decade. While the stochastic GW background is a promising candidate for detection it is also possible that single resolvable…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Justin Ellis

Given sufficient sensitivity, pulsar timing observations can make a direct detection of gravitational waves passing over the Earth. Pulsar timing is most sensitive to gravitational waves with frequencies in the nanoHertz region, with the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R N Manchester

The detection of a stochastic signal by recent pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations, including NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA+InPTA, CPTA and MPTA, has opened a new window to explore gravitational waves (GWs) at nanohertz frequencies. Motivated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-17 Zhi-Zhang Peng , You Wu , Lang Liu

The steadily improving sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) suggests that gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) systems in the nearby universe will be de- tectable sometime during the next decade.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-07 Joseph Simon , Abigail Polin , Andrea Lommen , Ben Stappers , Lee Samuel Finn , F A Jenet , B Christy

The recent discovery of ultra-long wavelength gravitational waves through the advent of pulsar timing arrays (PTA) has opened up new avenues for fundamental science. Here we show that every PTA source will be diffractively lensed by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-04 Dylan L. Jow , Ue-Li Pen

In the nanohertz band, the spatial correlations in pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) produced by interfering gravitational waves (GWs) from multiple sources likely deviate from the traditional ones without interference under the assumption of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-01 Yu-Mei Wu , Yan-Chen Bi , Qing-Guo Huang

The recent observation of a common red-noise process in pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) suggests that the detection of nanohertz gravitational waves might be around the corner. However, in order to confidently attribute this red process to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Valentina Di Marco , Andrew Zic , Matthew T. Miles , Daniel J. Reardon , Eric Thrane , Ryan M. Shannon

Observing non-Gaussianity in the timing residuals of Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) has recently attracted attention as a potential discriminator between astrophysical and cosmological origins of the observed Gravitational Wave (GW) signal. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-07 Chiara Cecchini , Jonas El Gammal , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni

Recently, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) claimed the detection of a stochastic common-spectrum process of the pulsar timing array (PTA) time residuals from their 12.5 year data, which might be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-15 Guillem Domènech , Shi Pi

The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) project currently observes 43 pulsars using the Green Bank and Arecibo radio telescopes. In this work we use a subset of 17 pulsars timed for a span of roughly five…

A pulsar timing array (PTA) refers to a program of regular, high-precision timing observations of a widely distributed array of millisecond pulsars. Here we review the status of the three primary PTA projects and the joint International…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 George Hobbs , Shi Dai

We assess the detectability of a nanohertz gravitational wave (GW) background with respect to additive red and white noise in the timing of millisecond pulsars. We develop detection criteria based on the cross-correlation function summed…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 J. M. Cordes , R. M. Shannon

The recent detection of nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs) by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) promises unique insights into astrophysical and cosmological origins. However, traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-12 Junrong Lai , Changhong Li

The search for gravitational waves using Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is a computationally expensive complex analysis that involves source-specific noise studies. As more pulsars are added to the arrays, this stage of PTA analysis will…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-28 Lorenzo Speri , Nataliya K. Porayko , Mikel Falxa , Siyuan Chen , Jonathan R. Gair , Alberto Sesana , Stephen R. Taylor

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments exploit the clock-like behaviour of an array of millisecond pulsars, with the goal of detecting low-frequency gravitational waves. PTA experiments have been in operation over the last decade, led by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-28 Caterina Tiburzi

We propose a new method to measure parameters of SMBHBs as individual resolvable evolving single GWs sources, using the timing data of three or more non-simultaneous pulsars. These parameters include the sky position of the SMBHB and a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-04-15 Shuxu Yi
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