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Models and games are simplified representations of the world. There are many different kinds of models, all differing in complexity and which aspect of the world they allow us to further our understanding of. In this paper we focus on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Joseph Christian G. Noel

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches lead to significant achievements in a variety of areas in recent history, natural language tasks remained mostly unaffected, due to the compositional and combinatorial nature that makes them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Leonard Adolphs , Thomas Hofmann

Deep Reinforcement Learning has been shown to be very successful in complex games, e.g. Atari or Go. These games have clearly defined rules, and hence allow simulation. In many practical applications, however, interactions with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Andreas Merentitis , Kashif Rasul , Roland Vollgraf , Abdul-Saboor Sheikh , Urs Bergmann

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) Agents in playing the strategic social deduction game, Resistance Avalon. Players in Avalon are challenged not only to make informed decisions based on dynamically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jonathan Light , Min Cai , Sheng Shen , Ziniu Hu

Artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled agents to master complex video games, from first-person shooters like Counter-Strike to real-time strategy games such as StarCraft II and racing games like Gran Turismo. While these achievements are…

Human-like agents are an increasingly important topic in games and beyond. Believable non-player characters enhance the gaming experience by improving immersion and providing entertainment. They also offer players the opportunity to engage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Maciej Swiechowski , Dominik Slezak

Playtesting is an essential step in the game design process. Game designers use the feedback from playtests to refine their designs. Game designers may employ procedural personas to automate the playtesting process. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Sinan Ariyurek , Elif Surer , Aysu Betin-Can

Model-based reinforcement learning agents utilizing transformers have shown improved sample efficiency due to their ability to model extended context, resulting in more accurate world models. However, for complex reasoning and planning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Pranav Agarwal , Sheldon Andrews , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

Given the recent impact of Deep Reinforcement Learning in training agents to win complex games like StarCraft and DoTA(Defense Of The Ancients) - there has been a surge in research for exploiting learning based techniques for professional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Ahaan Dabholkar , James Z. Hare , Mark Mittrick , John Richardson , Nicholas Waytowich , Priya Narayanan , Saurabh Bagchi

Existing LLM-based agents have achieved strong performance on held-in tasks, but their generalizability to unseen tasks remains poor. Hence, some recent work focus on fine-tuning the policy model with more diverse tasks to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yu Xia , Jingru Fan , Weize Chen , Siyu Yan , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Yaxi Lu , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The black-box nature of deep reinforcement learning (RL) hinders them from real-world applications. Therefore, interpreting and explaining RL agents have been active research topics in recent years. Existing methods for post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Qisen Yang , Huanqian Wang , Mukun Tong , Wenjie Shi , Gao Huang , Shiji Song

Training intelligent agents through reinforcement learning is a notoriously unstable procedure. Massive parallelization on GPUs and distributed systems has been exploited to generate a large amount of training experiences and consequently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Greg Heinrich , Iuri Frosio

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved super-human performance on complex video games (e.g., StarCraft II and Dota II). However, current DRL systems still suffer from challenges of multi-agent coordination, sparse rewards,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Shiyu Huang , Wenze Chen , Longfei Zhang , Shizhen Xu , Ziyang Li , Fengming Zhu , Deheng Ye , Ting Chen , Jun Zhu

We propose an agent architecture that automates parts of the common reinforcement learning experiment workflow, to enable automated mastery of control domains for embodied agents. To do so, it leverages a VLM to perform some of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Jingwei Zhang , Thomas Lampe , Abbas Abdolmaleki , Jost Tobias Springenberg , Martin Riedmiller

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) gives the promise that an agent learns good policy from high-dimensional information, whereas representation learning removes irrelevant and redundant information and retains pertinent information. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Qiang He , Huangyuan Su , Jieyu Zhang , Xinwen Hou

The advancement of large language model (LLM) based agents has shifted AI evaluation from single-turn response assessment to multi-step task completion in interactive environments. We present an empirical study evaluating frontier AI models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Logan Ritchie , Sushant Mehta , Nick Heiner , Mason Yu , Edwin Chen

Reinforcement learning has made great strides in recent years due to the success of methods using deep neural networks. However, such neural networks act as a black box, obscuring the inner workings. While reinforcement learning has the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Brittany Davis Pierson , Justine Ventura , Matthew E. Taylor

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a naturalistic framing for learning through trial and error, which is appealing both because of its simplicity and effectiveness and because of its resemblance to how humans and animals acquire skills…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Archit Sharma , Kelvin Xu , Nikhil Sardana , Abhishek Gupta , Karol Hausman , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

The growing prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) in various applications underscores the need for agents that can successfully navigate and adapt to an ever-changing, open-ended world. A key challenge is ensuring these AI agents are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mikayel Samvelyan

We introduce ARC-AGI-3, an interactive benchmark for studying agentic intelligence through novel, abstract, turn-based environments in which agents must explore, infer goals, build internal models of environment dynamics, and plan effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 ARC Prize Foundation
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