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In this text different theoretical approaches towards multi-quark states are introduced, namely hadrocharmonia, compact tetraquarks and hadronic molecules. The predictions derived from either of them are contrasted with current and possible…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-09 C. Hanhart

We use a symmetry-preserving truncation of meson and baryon bound-state equations in quantum field theory in order to develop a unified description of systems constituted from light- and heavy-quarks. In particular, we compute the spectrum…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-06-20 Si-Xue Qin , Craig D. Roberts , Sebastian M. Schmidt

Recently LHCb declared a new structure $X(6900)$ in the final state di-$J/\psi$ which is popularly regarded as a $cc$-$\bar c\bar c$ tetraquark state. %popularly. Within the Bethe-Salpeter (B-S) frame we study the possible $cc$-$\bar c\bar…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-06-15 Hong-Wei Ke , Xin Han , Xiao-Hai Liu , Yan-Liang Shi

In the current work spectroscopy and possibility of observation at the LHC of tetraquarks composed of 4 heavy quarks is discussed. Tetraquarks concerned are T_{4c}=[cc][cc]$, T_{4b}=[bb][bb] and T_{2[bc]}=[bc][bc]. By solving…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-05-30 A. V. Berezhnoy , A. V. Luchinsky , A. A. Novoselov

We perform a constituent quark model analysis for the masses of the doubly heavy tetraquark states $T_{QQ}$ after we fix the parameters to fit the masses of the newly observed $\Xi_{cc}^{++}$ and hadrons involving heavy quarks relevant to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-07-24 Woosung Park , Sungsik Noh , Su Houng Lee

Inspired by the experimentally reported $T_{c\bar{s}}(2900)$ exotic states, the $S$-wave $\bar{q}q\bar{s}Q$ $(q=u,\,d;\,Q=c,\,b)$ tetraquarks, with spin-parity $J^P=0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$, in both isoscalar and isovector sectors are…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-20 Gang Yang , Jialun Ping , Jorge Segovia

The spectrum of tetraquark states with hidden charm is studied within an effective QCD Coulomb gauge Hamiltonian approach. Of the four independent color schemes, two are investigated, the $(q\bar{c})_1(c\bar{q})_1$ singlet-singlet…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-07-12 W. Xie , L. Q. Mo , P. Wang , Stephen R. Cotanch

In a recent paper by N. Santowsky et al. [Phys. Rev. D 102, 056014 (2020)], covariant coupled equations were derived to describe a tetraquark in terms of a mix of four-quark states $2q 2\bar{q}$ and two-quark states $q\bar{q}$. These…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-02 B. Blankleider , A. N. Kvinikhidze

We study the dynamical generation of scalar mesons in the light quark sector ($q\in\{u,d,s\}$) and calculate the masses and widths for the $f_0(500),a_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$. To this end we study the mixing of conventional $q\bar{q}$ and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-14 Nico Santowsky , Christian S. Fischer

We systematically study the mass spectra of $S$-wave singly-heavy tetraquark states $Qq\bar{q}\bar{q}$ ($Q=c,b$; $q=u,d,s$) in a mass splitting model. We adopt the assumption that the $X(4140)$ is the lowest $J^{PC}=1^{++}$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-08 Zi-Long Man , Yu-Nan Liu , Yan-Rui Liu

The spectra and wave functions of heavy-light mesons are calculated within a relativistic quark model, which is based on a heavy-quark expansion of the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter equation by applying the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-06-07 Jing-Bin Liu , Cai-Dian Lu

The LHCb collaboration has recently announced the discovery of two hidden-charm pentaquark states with also strange quark content, $P_{cs}(4338)$ and $P_{cs}(4459)$; its analysis points towards having both hadrons isospin equal to zero and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-11-03 Gang Yang , Jialun Ping , Jorge Segovia

Inspired by recent observation of the first doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}$, we apply linear Regge relation and mass scaling to study low-lying mass spectra of the doubly heavy tetraquark in heavy-diquark-light-antidiquark picture. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-08-15 YongXin Song , Duojie Jia

Heavy quark symmetries are useful for predicting the existence of heavy states, their masses, and spin states. Despite numerous studies on the $P_{c\bar{c}}(4440)$ and $P_{c\bar{c}}(4457)$ heavy states, their spin states have not been…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-14 Duygu Yıldırım

The observation by BESIII and LHCb of states with hidden charm and open strangeness ($c\bar c q\bar s$) presents new opportunities for the development of a global model of heavy-quark exotics. Here we extend the dynamical diquark model to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-08 Jesse F. Giron , Richard F. Lebed , Steven R. Martinez

In the past decade many charmonium-like states were observed experimentally. Especially those charged charmonium-like $Z_c$ states and bottomonium-like $Z_b$ states can not be accommodated within the naive quark model. These charged $Z_c$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-06-20 Hua-Xing Chen , Wei Chen , Xiang Liu , Shi-Lin Zhu

We estimate the masses of the 1^{--} heavy four-quark and molecule states by combining exponential Laplace (LSR) and finite energy (FESR) sum rules known perturbatively to lowest order (LO) in alpha_s but including non-perturbative terms up…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-04 R. M. Albuquerque , F. Fanomezana , S. Narison , A. Rabemananjara

We systematically study the mass spectrum and strong decays of the S-wave $\bar c\bar s q q$ states in the compact tetraquark scenario with the quark model. The key ingredients of the model are the Coulomb, the linear confinement, and the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-17 Guang-Juan Wang , Lu Meng , Li-Ye Xiao , Makoto Oka , Shi-Lin Zhu

The hidden-charm tetraquarks with strangeness, $c\bar{c}s\bar{q}$ $(q=u,\,d)$, in $J^P=0^+$, $1^+$ and $2^+$ are systematically investigated in the framework of real- and complex-scaling range of a chiral quark model, whose parameters have…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-12-08 Gang Yang , Jialun Ping , Jorge Segovia

In this work, we systematically study the mass spectrum of the fully heavy tetraquark in an extended chromomagnetic model, which includes both color and chromomagnetic interactions. Numerical results indicate that the energy level is mainly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-02-02 Xin-Zhen Weng , Xiao-Lin Chen , Wei-Zhen Deng , Shi-Lin Zhu