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We compute the error threshold of color codes, a class of topological quantum codes that allow a direct implementation of quantum Clifford gates, when both qubit and measurement errors are present. By mapping the problem onto a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-10 Ruben S. Andrist , Helmut G. Katzgraber , H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing. Despite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction, to date, there has been no demonstration in the realisation of universal…

Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-17 Daniel Gottesman

Laboratory hardware is rapidly progressing towards a state where quantum error-correcting codes can be realised. As such, we must learn how to deal with the complex nature of the noise that may occur in real physical systems. Single qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-10 Naomi H. Nickerson , Benjamin J. Brown

We study analytically and numerically decoding properties of finite rate hypergraph-product quantum LDPC codes obtained from random (3,4)-regular Gallager codes, with a simple model of independent X and Z errors. Several non-trival lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-14 Alexey A. Kovalev , Sanjay Prabhakar , Ilya Dumer , Leonid P. Pryadko

Performing large calculations with a quantum computer will likely require a fault-tolerant architecture based on quantum error-correcting codes. The challenge is to design practical quantum error-correcting codes that perform well against…

We formulate a bounded distance decoding strategy applicable to all stabilizer codes including both CSS and non-CSS code-families. The framework emerges out of the local Clifford equivalence between arbitrary stabilizer states and graph…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Harikrishnan K J , Amit Kumar Pal

Quantum error correction is a crucial technology for fault tolerant quantum computing. On superconducting platforms, hardware defects in large scale quantum processors can disrupt the regular lattice structure of topological codes and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Tian-Hao Wei , Jia-Xuan Zhang , Jia-Ning Li , Wei-Cheng Kong , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

Conventional fault-tolerant quantum error-correction schemes require a number of extra qubits that grows linearly with the code's maximum stabilizer generator weight. For some common distance-three codes, the recent "flag paradigm" uses…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-07 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt

The recent years have seen a growing interest in quantum codes in three dimensions (3D). One of the earliest proposed 3D quantum codes is the 3D toric code. It has been shown that 3D color codes can be mapped to 3D toric codes. The 3D toric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Abhishek Kulkarni , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

We investigate various aspects of operator quantum error-correcting codes or, as we prefer to call them, subsystem codes. We give various methods to derive subsystem codes from classical codes. We give a proof for the existence of subsystem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-13 Salah A. Aly , Andreas Klappenecker , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

Efficient decoding to estimate error locations from outcomes of syndrome measurement is the prerequisite for quantum error correction. Decoding in presence of circuit-level noise including measurement errors should be considered in case of…

A quantum computer needs the assistance of a classical algorithm to detect and identify errors that affect encoded quantum information. At this interface of classical and quantum computing the technique of machine learning has appeared as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-15 P. Baireuther , M. D. Caio , B. Criger , C. W. J. Beenakker , T. E. O'Brien

Many quantum technologies are now reaching a high level of maturity and control, and it is likely that the first demonstrations of suppression of naturally occurring quantum noise using small topological error correcting codes will soon be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 Naomi H. Nickerson

Accuracy thresholds of quantum error correcting codes, which exploit topological properties of systems, defined on two different arrangements of qubits are predicted. We study the topological color codes on the hexagonal lattice and on the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2013-05-29 Masayuki Ohzeki

Recent progress in quantum cryptography and quantum computers has given hope to their imminent practical realization. An essential element at the heart of the application of these quantum systems is a quantum error correction scheme. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. L. Chuang , R. Laflamme

We investigate quantum error correction protocols for neutral atoms quantum processors in the presence of atom loss. We complement the surface code with loss detection units (LDU) and analyze its performances by means of circuit-level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Hugo Perrin , Sven Jandura , Guido Pupillo

Quantum error correction (QEC) is often implemented on hardware that experiences biased noise, where dephasing errors occur more frequently than other errors. This has motivated many recent efforts to develop bias-tailored QEC codes, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Arianna Meinking , Julie Campos , Kenneth R. Brown

Real quantum computers will be subject to complicated, qubit-dependent noise, instead of simple noise such as depolarizing noise with the same strength for all qubits. We can do quantum error correction more effectively if our decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-20 Alex Fischer , Akimasa Miyake
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