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Quantum convolutional code was introduced recently as an alternative way to protect vital quantum information. To complete the analysis of quantum convolutional code, I report a way to decode certain quantum convolutional codes based on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 H. F. Chau

We explore the design of quantum error-correcting codes for cases where the decoherence events of qubits are correlated. In particular, we consider the case where only spatially contiguous qubits decohere, which is analogous to the case of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 F. Vatan , V. P. Roychowdhury , M. P. Anantram

Quantum error correction is necessary to perform large-scale quantum computations in the presence of noise and decoherence. As a result, several aspects of quantum error correction have already been explored. These have been primarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-05 Ariel Shlosberg , Anthony M. Polloreno , Graeme Smith

A promising approach to overcome decoherence in quantum computing schemes is to perform active quantum error correction using topology. Topological subsystem codes incorporate both the benefits of topological and subsystem codes, allowing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-05-15 Ruben S. Andrist , H. Bombin , Helmut G. Katzgraber , M. A. Martin-Delgado

Two-dimensional quantum colour codes hold significant promise for quantum error correction, offering advantages such as planar connectivity and low overhead logical gates. Despite their theoretical appeal, the practical deployment of these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Stergios Koutsioumpas , Tamas Noszko , Hasan Sayginel , Mark Webster , Joschka Roffe

Topological codes have many desirable properties that allow fault-tolerant quantum computation with relatively low overhead. A core challenge for these codes, however, is to achieve a low-overhead universal gate set with limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Julio C. Magdalena de la Fuente , Noa Feldman , Jens Eisert , Andreas Bauer

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Recent work on fault-tolerant quantum computation making use of topological error correction shows great potential, with the 2d surface code possessing a threshold error rate approaching 1% (NJoP 9:199, 2007), (arXiv:0905.0531). However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-07 D. S. Wang , A. G. Fowler , C. D. Hill , L. C. L. Hollenberg

Qudits can be described by a state vector in a $q$-dimensional Hilbert space, enabling a more extensive encoding and manipulation of information compared to qubits. This implies that conducting fault-tolerant quantum computations using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 James Keppens , Quinten Eggerickx , Vukan Levajac , George Simion , Bart Sorée

Quantum error correction, which utilizes logical qubits that are encoded as redundant multiple physical qubits to find and correct errors in physical qubits, is indispensable for practical quantum computing. Surface code is considered to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hoshitaro Ohnishi , Hideo Mukai

Three dimensional (3D) toric codes are a class of stabilizer codes with local checks and come under the umbrella of topological codes. While decoding algorithms have been proposed for the 3D toric code on a cubic lattice, there have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-15 Arun B. Aloshious , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

Topological quantum codes, such as toric and surface codes, are excellent candidates for hardware implementation due to their robustness against errors and their local interactions between qubits. However, decoding these codes efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-16 Michele Pacenti , Mark F. Flanagan , Dimitris Chytas , Bane Vasic

We prove a new version of the quantum threshold theorem that applies to concatenation of a quantum code that corrects only one error, and we use this theorem to derive a rigorous lower bound on the quantum accuracy threshold epsilon_0. Our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Panos Aliferis , Daniel Gottesman , John Preskill

Bosonic codes, leveraging infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces for redundancy, offer great potential for encoding quantum information. However, the realization of a practical continuous-variable bosonic code that can simultaneously correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Yexiong Zeng , Fernando Quijandría , Clemens Gneiting , Franco Nori

To enable fault tolerance on millions of qubits in real time, scalable decoding is necessary, which motivates this paper. Existing decoding algorithms (decoders), such as clustering, matching, belief propagation (BP), and neural networks,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yanzhang Zhu , Chen-Yu Peng , Yun Hao Chen , Yeong-Luh Ueng , Di Wu

We present a lower bound for Pauli Manipulation Detection (PMD) codes, a class of quantum codes that detect every Pauli error with high probability. Our lower bound reveals the first trade-off between the error parameter and the coding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Keiya Ichikawa , Kenji Yasunaga

Efficient and high-performance quantum error correction is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Low-depth random circuits offer a promising approach to identifying effective and practical encoding strategies. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Guoding Liu , Zhenyu Du , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Classical simulations of noisy stabilizer circuits are often used to estimate the threshold of a quantum error-correcting code. Physical noise sources are efficiently approximated by random insertions of Pauli operators. For a single qubit,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-05 Mauricio Gutiérrez , Kenneth R. Brown

flip is an extremely simple and maximally local classical decoder which has been used to great effect in certain classes of classical codes. When applied to quantum codes there exist constant-weight errors (such as half of a stabiliser)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-30 T. R. Scruby , K. Nemoto

With the rapid developments in quantum hardware comes a push towards the first practical applications on these devices. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers may still be years away, one may ask if there exist intermediate forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Jarrod R. McClean , Zhang Jiang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven