Related papers: Clocking Auger Electrons
Attosecond measurements reveal new physical insights in photo ionization dynamics from atoms, molecules and condensed matter. However, on such time scales even small timing jitter can significantly reduce the time resolution in pump-probe…
We numerically investigate attosecond streaking time delays in the photoemission of valence and 2p core electrons of aluminum surface. We find that electron emission from the core level band is delayed by $\Delta \tau =100$ attoseconds…
We demonstrate the generation of a train of attosecond XUV pulses that are in a superposition of wavefront states. Such superposition yields a high precision, self-referencing, common path XUV interferometer setup to produce pairs of…
The removal of electrons located in the core shells of molecules creates transient states that live between a few femtoseconds to attoseconds. Owing to these short lifetimes, time-resolved studies of these states are challenging and complex…
This tutorial presents an introduction to the interaction of light and matter on the attosecond timescale. Our aim is to detail the theoretical description of ultra-short time-delays, and to relate these to the phase of extreme ultraviolet…
In this paper we propose a new method for measurements of the longitudinal profile of 100 femtosecond electron bunches for X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs). The method is simply the combination of two well-known techniques, which where…
Ultra-intense lasers that ionize and accelerate electrons in solids to near the speed of light can lead to kinetic instabilities that alter the laser absorption and subsequent electron transport, isochoric heating, and ion acceleration.…
Characterizing the quantum state of intense light fields on sub-cycle timescales remains beyond the reach of existing methods. Here, we show that attosecond streaking provides direct, phase-sensitive access to the quantum properties of the…
The unprecedented brilliance of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) [1, 2] has enabled first studies of nonlinear interactions in the hard X-ray range. In particular, X-ray-optical mixing [3], X-ray second harmonic generation (XSHG) [4] and…
We study the temporal aspects of laser-assisted extreme ultraviolet (XUV) photoionization using attosecond pulses of harmonic radiation. The aim of this paper is to establish the general form of the phase of the relevant transition…
Vacuum fluctuations give rise to effective nonlinear interactions between electromagnetic fields. These generically modify the characteristics of light traversing a strong-field region. X-ray free-electron lasers constitute a particularly…
The decay of core-excited states is a sensitive probe of autoionization dynamics and correlation effects in many-electron systems, occurring on the fastest timescales. Xenon, with its dense manifold of autoionizing resonances that can be…
The LUXE experiment aims at studying high-field QED in electron-laser and photon-laser interactions, with the 16.5 GeV electron beam of the European XFEL and a laser beam with power of up to 350 TW. The experiment will measure the spectra…
Ionization of an atom or molecule by a strong laser field produces sub-optical cycle wave packets whose control has given rise to attosecond science. The final states of the wave packets depend on ionization and deflection by the laser…
Electron beam quality is paramount for X-ray pulse production in free-electron-lasers (FELs). State-of-the-art linear accelerators (linacs) can deliver multi-GeV electron beams with sufficient quality for hard X-ray-FELs, albeit requiring…
X-ray scattering is a weak linear probe of matter. It is primarily sensitive to the position of electrons and their momentum distribution. Elastic X-ray scattering forms the basis of atomic structural determination while inelastic Compton…
A detailed analysis of the radiative and Auger de-excitation channels of K-shell vacancy states in Fe II-Fe IX has been carried out. Level energies, wavelengths, A-values, Auger rates and fluorescence yields have been calculated for the…
X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) experiments have brought unique capabilities and opened new directions in research, such as creating new states of matter or directly measuring atomic motion. One such area is the ability to use finely…
Many modern large-scale facilities, like European X-ray Free Electron Laser (E-XFEL), require precise synchronisation, often down to femtosecond level. Even a very short interruption or an excessive glitch in the reference signal might…
XUV and X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) produce short wavelength pulses with high intensity, ultrashort duration, well-defined polarization and transverse coherence, and have been utilised for many experiments previously possible at long…