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Nanoparticle-based fluorescent sensors have emerged as a competitive alternative to small molecule sensors, due to their excellent fluorescence-based sensing capabilities. The tailorability of design, architecture, and photophysical…
Photodetectors are typically based on photocurrent generation from electron-hole pairs in semiconductor structures and on bolometry for wavelengths that are below bandgap absorption. In both cases, resonant plasmonic and nanophotonic…
Two preceding parts of a paper (cond-mat/0508457, cond-mat/0508460) considered the heuristic values of recent experiments pointing to the nearly universal occurrence of photovoltages across solid surfaces under short-circuit conditions.…
The visualization of pure phase objects by wavefront sensing has important applications ranging from surface profiling to biomedical microscopy, and generally requires bulky and complicated setups involving optical spatial filtering,…
An array of DEPFET pixels is one of several concepts to implement an active pixel sensor. Similar to PNCCD and SDD detectors, the typically 0.45 mm thick silicon sensor is fully depleted by the principle of sideward depletion. They have…
Accurate monitoring of the hydrogen concentration is critical for optimizing fuel cell performance, minimizing purge losses, and reducing long-term degradation. Conventional hydrogen sensors often rely on catalytic materials and face…
Future generation technologies demand high efficiency photodetectors to enable sensing and switching devices for ultrafast communication and machine vision. This require direct-band gap materials with high photosensitivity, high detectivity…
The applications of Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have expanded tremendously in the last 25 years, and the technique has become a staple technique in many biological and biophysical fields. FRET can be used as spectroscopic…
High-efficiency optical detectors that can determine the number of photons in a pulse of monochromatic light have applications in a variety of physics studies, including post-selection-based entanglement protocols for linear optics quantum…
We consider the use of single-photon counting detectors in coherence-domain imaging. Detectors operated in this mode exhibit reduced noise, which leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. In…
While detection of optical photons is today achieved with very high efficiencies, the detection of microwave fields at the photon level still poses non-trivial experimental challenges. In this Letter we propose a model of microwave…
Photoreflectance is used for the characterisation of semiconductor samples, usually by sweeping the monochromatized probe beam within the energy range comprised between the highest value set by the pump beam and the lowest absorption…
Electric coupling between subcells of a monolithically grown multijunction solar cell in short circuit allows their simultaneous and independent characterization by means of photo- and electroreflectance. The photovoltage generated by…
Transition Edge Sensors (TES) are superconducting microcalorimeters that can be used for single-photon detection with extremely low backgrounds. When they are within their superconducting transition region, small temperature fluctuations -…
Photons do not carry sufficient momentum to induce indirect optical transitions in semiconducting materials such as silicon, necessitating the assistance of lattice phonons to conserve momentum. Compared to direct bandgap semiconductors,…
Controlling the statistical properties of light, namely the fluctuations in photon arrival, entropy and number, is essential for both classical and quantum photonics. While integrated systems provide tunable control over amplitude, phase,…
Optical interference is not only a fundamental phenomenon that has enabled new theories of light to be derived but it has also been used in interferometry for the measurement of small displacements, refractive index changes and surface…
For low-temperature experiments such as liquid xenon dark matter detectors, it is crucial to read out detector signals from cryostats. Traditionally, photoelectrical signals are transmitted from the cryogenic region to the outside using…
The most realistic information about the transparent sample such as a live cell can be obtained only using bright-field light microscopy. At high-intensity pulsing LED illumination, we captured a primary 12-bit-per-channel (bpc) response…
Electrical signals derived from optical sources have achieved record-low levels of phase noise, and have demonstrated the highest frequency stability yet achieved in the microwave domain. Attaining such ultrastable phase and frequency…