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False Data Injection (FDI) attacks against powersystem state estimation are a growing concern for operators.Previously, most works on FDI attacks have been performedunder the assumption of the attacker having full knowledge ofthe underlying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-25 Martin Higgins , Jiawei Zhang , Ning Zhang , Fei Teng

Modern Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are often designed as networked, software-based controller implementations which have been found to be vulnerable to network-level and physical level attacks. A number of research works have proposed…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-05 Ipsita Koley , Sunandan Adhikary , Soumyajit Dey

Physical consequences to power systems of false data injection cyber-attacks are considered. Prior work has shown that the worst-case consequences of such an attack can be determined using a bi-level optimization problem, wherein an attack…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Zhigang Chu , Jiazi Zhang , Oliver Kosut , Lalitha Sankar

This paper introduces a novel two-stage framework for online mitigation of False Data Injection (FDI) signals to improve the resiliency of Networked Control Systems (NCSs) and ensure their safe operation in the presence of malicious…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Mohammadamin Lari

The false data injection (FDI) attack is a crucial form of cyber-physical security problems facing cyber-physical power systems. However, there is no research revealing the problem of FDI attacks facing voltage source converter based high…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-25 Tong Han , Yanbo Chen , Jin Ma

Modern urban railways extensively use computerized sensing and control technologies to achieve safe, reliable, and well-timed operations. However, the use of these technologies may provide a convenient leverage to cyber-attackers who have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Subhash Lakshminarayana , Teo Zhan Teng , Rui Tan , David K. Y. Yau

Power system functionality is determined on the basis of the power system state estimation (PSSE). Thus, corruption of the PSSE may lead to severe consequences, such as financial losses, maintenance damage, and disruptions in electricity…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-29 Gal Morgenstern , Tirza Routtenberg

This paper studies the vulnerability of phasor measurement units (PMUs) to false data injection (FDI) attacks. Prior work demonstrated that unobservable FDI attacks that can bypass traditional bad data detectors based on measurement…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Jiazi Zhang , Zhigang Chu , Lalitha Sankar , Oliver Kosut

The advent of smart power grid which plays a vital role in the upcoming smart city era is accompanied with the implementation of a monitoring tool, called state estimation. For the case of the unbalanced residential distribution grid, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nam N. Tran , Hemanshu R. Pota , Quang N. Tran , Jiankun Hu

Load-generation balance and system inertia are essential for maintaining frequency in power systems. Power grids are equipped with Rate-of-Change-of Frequency (ROCOF) and Load Shedding (LS) relays in order to keep load-generation balance.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-25 Mohamadsaleh Jafari , Md Hassan Shahriar , Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman , Sumit Paudyal

False Data Injection (FDI) attacks pose significant threats by manipulating measurement data, leading to incorrect state estimation. Although numerous studies have focused on designing DC FDI attacks, few have addressed AC FDI attacks due…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-30 Mohammadreza Iranpour , Mohammad Rasoul Narimani

The false data injection (FDI) attack cannot be detected by the traditional anomaly detection techniques used in the energy system state estimators. In this paper, we demonstrate how FDI attacks can be constructed blindly, i.e., without…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Adnan Anwar , Abdun Naser Mahmood , Mark Pickering

Modern advances in sensor, computing, and communication technologies enable various smart grid applications. The heavy dependence on communication technology has highlighted the vulnerability of the electricity grid to false data injection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Xiangyu Niu Jiangnan Li , Jinyuan Sun

Power systems are moving towards hybrid AC/DC grids with the integration of HVDC links, renewable resources and energy storage modules. New models of frequency control have to consider the complex interactions between these components.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-02 Kaikai Pan , Elyas Rakhshani , Peter Palensky

State estimation estimates the system condition in real-time and provides a base case for other energy management system (EMS) applications including real-time contingency analysis and security-constrained economic dispatch. Recent work in…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Xingpeng Li , Kory W. Hedman

Fast and accurate detection of cyberattacks is a key element for a cyber-resilient power system. Recently, data-driven detectors and physics-based Moving Target Defences (MTD) have been proposed to detect false data injection (FDI) attacks…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-22 Wangkun Xu , Martin Higgins , Jianhong Wang , Imad M. Jaimoukha , Fei Teng

In this paper, we investigate the feasibility and physical consequences of cyber attacks against energy management systems (EMS). Within this framework, we have designed a complete simulation platform to emulate realistic EMS operations: it…

This paper studies false data injection (FDI) attacks against phasor measurement units (PMUs). As compared to the conventional bad data detector (BDD), an enhanced BDD utilizing the effect of zero injection buses is proposed. Feasible…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Zhigang Chu , Jiazi Zhang , Oliver Kosut , Lalitha Sankar

Understanding smart grid cyber attacks is key for developing appropriate protection and recovery measures. Advanced attacks pursue maximized impact at minimized costs and detectability. This paper conducts risk analysis of combined data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-29 Kaikai Pan , André Teixeira , Milos Cvetkovic , Peter Palensky

The integration of information and physical systems in modern power grids has heightened vulnerabilities to False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs), threatening the secure operation of power cyber-physical systems (CPS). This paper reviews…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xiaoyong Bo