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Collections of self-propelled particles that move persistently by continuously consuming free energy are a paradigmatic example of active matter. In these systems, unlike Brownian "hot colloids", the breakdown of detailed balance yields a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-09-12 Suraj Shankar , M. Cristina Marchetti

We study the behaviour of catalytically active droplets in multi-component conserved mixtures affected by noise. Working in the thin interface limit, we analytically determine the state diagram of the system, characterized by multiple…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-01 Jacopo Romano , Martin Kjøllesdal Johnsrud , Benoît Mahault , Ramin Golestanian

The theoretical understanding of active matter, which is driven out of equilibrium by directed motion, is still fragmental and model oriented. Stochastic thermodynamics, on the other hand, is a comprehensive theoretical framework for driven…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-01-05 Thomas Speck

We develop a general hydrodynamic theory describing a system of interacting actively propelling particles of arbitrary shape suspended in a viscous fluid. We model the active part of the particle motion using a slip velocity prescribed on…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-01-15 Bhargav Rallabandi , Fan Yang , Howard A. Stone

We present a microscopic model of a disordered viscoelastic active solid, i.e. an active material whose long time behaviour is elastic as opposed to viscous. It is composed of filaments, passive crosslinks and molecular motors powered by…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-07-15 Rhoda J. Hawkins , Tanniemola B. Liverpool

Systems containing active components are intrinsically out of equilibrium, while binary mixtures reach their equilibrium configuration when complete phase separation is achieved. Active particles are found to stabilise non-equilibrium…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-11 Javier Diaz , Ignacio Pagonabarraga

Active stresses in biological cells and tissues drive many developmental processes. However, increasing experimental evidence suggests that additional mechanical interactions with surrounding material can play a crucial role in guiding…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-10 Douglas MacMyn Brown , Alexander Mietke

We review recent work on active colloids or swimmers, such as self-propelled microorganisms, phoretic colloidal particles, and artificial micro-robotic systems, moving in fluid-like environments. These environments can be water-like and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-02-09 Alison E. Patteson , Arvind Gopinath , Paulo E. Arratia

The interest in active matter stimulates the need to generalize thermodynamic description and relations to active matter systems, which are intrinsically out of equilibrium. One important example is the Jarzynski relation, which links the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-31 Grzegorz Szamel

The persistent motility of the individual constituents in microbial suspensions represents a prime example of so-called active matter systems. Cells consume energy, exert forces and move, overall releasing the constraints of equilibrium…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-11-02 Armand Javadi , Jorge Arrieta , Idan Tuval , Marco Polin

Active systems are inherently out of equilibrium, as they collect energy from their surroundings and transform it into directed motion. A recent theoretical study suggests that binary mixtures of active particles with distinct effective…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-11-22 Sunita Kumari , Andre S. Nunes , Nuno A. M. Araujo , Margarida Telo da Gama

If two phases exist at the same time, such as a gas and a liquid, they have the same temperature. This fundamental law of equilibrium physics is known to apply even to many non-equilibrium systems. However, recently, there has been much…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-19 Lukas Hecht , Iris Dong , Benno Liebchen

We study an active matter system comprised of magnetic microswimmers confined in a microfluidic channel and show that it exhibits a new type of self-organized behavior. Combining analytical techniques and Brownian dynamics simulations, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-24 Fanlong Meng , Daiki Matsunaga , Benoît Mahault , Ramin Golestanian

Active matter systems comprise self-propelled particles that move on a substrate while leaving chemical trails that influence other particles through chemotaxis (e.g., slime-depositing bacteria). Orientational chemotaxis manifests as a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-11 Aymeric Lutier , Frédéric van Wijland , Jean-Baptiste Fournier

We analyse the dynamics of a two dimensional system of interacting active dumbbells. We characterise the mean-square displacement, linear response function and deviation from the equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation theorem as a function of…

Active stresses can cause instabilities in contractile gels and living tissues. Here we describe a generic hydrodynamic theory that treats these systems as a mixture of two phases of varying activity and different mechanical properties. We…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-06-20 Christoph Weber , Chris H. Rycroft , L. Mahadevan

Coordinated movement and self-organisation of active self-driven agents is common in nature and is seen across different scales, from herds of animals to collective motion in bacteria. Often, these systems are heterogeneous in composition,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-04-28 Balagopal Nair , Arshed Nabeel , Danny Raj M

Spontaneous persistent motions driven by active processes play a central role to maintain the living cells far from equilibrium. In the majority of the research works, the steady state dynamics of an active system has been described in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-01 Subhasish Chaki , Rajarshi Chakrabarti

We investigate the behaviour of a system of particles with the different character of interaction. The approach makes it possible to describe systems of interacting particles by statistical methods taking into account a spatial…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Volodymyr Krasnoholovets , Bohdan Lev

We introduce a representative minimal model for phoretically interacting active colloids. Combining kinetic theory, linear stability analyses, and a general relation between self-propulsion and phoretic interactions in auto-diffusiophoretic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-07-05 Benno Liebchen , Davide Marenduzzo , Michael E. Cates