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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection lies at the heart of robust artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to identify samples from novel distributions beyond the training set. Recent approaches have exploited feature representations as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Tarhib Al Azad , Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Existing approaches to unsupervised object discovery (UOD) do not scale up to large datasets without approximations that compromise their performance. We propose a novel formulation of UOD as a ranking problem, amenable to the arsenal of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Huy V. Vo , Elena Sizikova , Cordelia Schmid , Patrick Pérez , Jean Ponce

Outlier detection is a critical task in data mining, aimed at identifying objects that significantly deviate from the norm. Semi-supervised methods improve detection performance by leveraging partially labeled data but typically overlook…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Baiyang Chen , Zhong Yuan , Zheng Liu , Dezhong Peng , Yongxiang Li , Chang Liu , Guiduo Duan

To ensure safe urban driving for autonomous platforms, it is crucial not only to develop high-performance object detection techniques but also to establish a diverse and representative dataset that captures various urban environments and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jin-Hee Lee , Jae-Keun Lee , Je-Seok Kim , Soon Kwon

Neural networks are often utilised in critical domain applications (e.g. self-driving cars, financial markets, and aerospace engineering), even though they exhibit overconfident predictions for ambiguous inputs. This deficiency demonstrates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 John Mitros , Brian Mac Namee

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for determining when a supervised model encounters inputs that differ meaningfully from its training distribution. While widely studied in classification, OOD detection for regression and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-16 Min Lu , Hemant Ishwaran

Modern neural networks are known to give overconfident prediction for out-of-distribution inputs when deployed in the open world. It is common practice to leverage a surrogate outlier dataset to regularize the model during training, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Wenyu Jiang , Hao Cheng , Mingcai Chen , Chongjun Wang , Hongxin Wei

The ability to detect objects that are not prevalent in the training set is a critical capability in many 3D applications, including autonomous driving. Machine learning methods for object recognition often assume that all object categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zizhao Li , Xueyang Kang , Joseph West , Kourosh Khoshelham

Semi-supervised object detection (SSOD) based on pseudo-labeling significantly reduces dependence on large labeled datasets by effectively leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data. However, real-world applications of SSOD often face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Moussa Kassem Sbeyti , Nadja Klein , Azarm Nowzad , Fikret Sivrikaya , Sahin Albayrak

The deployment of machine learning solutions in real-world scenarios often involves addressing the challenge of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. While significant efforts have been devoted to OOD detection in classical supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Loïc Le Bescond , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis , Fabrice André , Hugues Talbot

One critical challenge in deploying highly performant machine learning models in real-life applications is out of distribution (OOD) detection. Given a predictive model which is accurate on in distribution (ID) data, an OOD detection system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Conor Igoe , Youngseog Chung , Ian Char , Jeff Schneider

Object re-identification (Re-ID) methods are highly sensitive to label noise, which typically leads to significant performance degradation. We address this challenge by reframing Re-ID as a supervised image similarity task and adopting a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Waqar Ahmad , Evan Murphy , Vladimir A. Krylov

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection plays a crucial role in ensuring the robustness and reliability of machine learning systems deployed in real-world applications. Recent approaches have explored the use of unlabeled data, showing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Momin Abbas , Ali Falahati , Hossein Goli , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

Open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL) has attracted growing interest, which investigates a more practical scenario where out-of-distribution (OOD) samples are only contained in unlabeled data. Existing OSSL methods like OpenMatch learn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Haoran Li , Chun-Mei Feng , Tao Zhou , Yong Xu , Xiaojun Chang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for model trustworthiness which aims to sensitively identify semantic OOD samples and robustly generalize for covariate-shifted OOD samples. However, we discover that the superior OOD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Qingyang Zhang , Qiuxuan Feng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Yatao Bian , Qinghua Hu , Changqing Zhang

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) plays an important role in modern data analytics and it is crucial to provide simple yet effective and guaranteed UAD algorithms for real applications. In this paper, we present a novel UAD method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wei Dai , Kai Hwang , Jicong Fan

Universal anomaly detection still remains a challenging problem in machine learning and medical image analysis. It is possible to learn an expected distribution from a single class of normative samples, e.g., through epistemic uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Johanna P. Müller , Matthew Baugh , Jeremy Tan , Mischa Dombrowski , Bernhard Kainz

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the deployment of machine learning models in the open world. While existing OOD detectors are effective in identifying OOD samples that deviate significantly from in-distribution (ID) data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Hao Fu , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Siddharth Garg , Farshad Khorrami

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning models in real-world applications, where they frequently face data distributions unseen during training. Despite progress, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Reihaneh Zohrabi , Hosein Hasani , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah , Anna Rohrbach , Marcus Rohrbach , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

With the sweeping digitalization of societal, medical, industrial, and scientific processes, sensing technologies are being deployed that produce increasing volumes of time series data, thus fueling a plethora of new or improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 David Campos , Tung Kieu , Chenjuan Guo , Feiteng Huang , Kai Zheng , Bin Yang , Christian S. Jensen