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Thermal noise of a mirror is one of the limiting noise sources in the high precision measurement such as gravitational-wave detection, and the modeling of thermal noise has been developed and refined over a decade. In this paper, we present…
The statistics of electron transport in a quantum conductor is affected by fluctuations of its voltage bias. Here we show experimentally how a third order correlation in the electromagnetic field arises from the noise of a tunnel junction…
Mirror thermal noise is and will remain one of the main limitations to the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors based on laser interferometers. We report about projected mirror thermal noise due to losses in the mirror coatings and…
We present the calculation of thermal noise in interferometric gravitational-wave detectors due to the thermal fluctuations of the beam splitter (BS). This work makes use of a recently developed method of the analysis of thermal noise in…
Coating Brownian noise is the dominant noise term, in a frequency band from a few tens to a few hundreds Hz, for all Earth-bound detectors of gravitational waves. Minimizing such noise is mandatory to increase the visibility distance of…
Thermal frequency fluctuations in optical cavities limit the sensitivity of precision experiments ranging from gravitational wave observatories to optical atomic clocks. Conventional modeling of these noises assumes a linear response of the…
Angular fluctuations of suspended mirrors in gravitational wave interferometers are a source of noise both for the locking and the operation of the detectors. We describe here some of the sources of these fluctuations and methods for the…
Voltage-gated ion channels are essential for propagating signals in neurons. Each channel senses the local membrane potential created by nearby ions. Fluctuations in these ions introduce two fundamental noise sources: (i) shot noise, from…
This letter investigates low frequency 1/ f noise in hBN encapsulated graphene device in a dual gated geometry. The noise study is performed as a function of top gate carrier density (nT G) at different back gate densities (nBG). The noise…
When completed, the gravitational wave detectors now proposed or under construction will provide us with a perspective on the Universe fundamentally different from any we have come to know. With this new perspective comes the hope that new…
The best measurements of space and time currently possible (e.g. gravitational wave detectors and optical reference cavities) rely on optical resonators, and are ultimately limited by thermally induced fluctuations in the reflective…
Quantum mechanics can strongly influence the noise properties of mesoscopic devices. To probe this effect we have measured the current fluctuations at high-frequency (5-90 GHz) using a superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction…
We introduce a diagnostic -- the quantum noise fraction $\beta$ -- that determines the maximum sensitivity improvement achievable through quantum enhancement for any gravitational wave detector. Applied to the landscape of proposed…
We have studied the origin of excess noise in superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) with several different detector designs. We show that most of the observed noise and complex impedance features can be explained by a thermal model…
In modern high precision optical instruments, such as in gravitational wave detectors or frequency references, thermally induced fluctuations in the reflective coatings can be a limiting noise source. This noise, known as coating thermal…
Data from the LIGO detectors typically contain many non-Gaussian noise transients which arise due to instrumental and environmental conditions. These non-Gaussian transients can be an issue for the modelled and unmodelled transient…
Microrefrigerators based on normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) junctions represent a very attractive alternative to cool the microbolometers and calorimeters for astrophysical observations in space-borne experiments. The…
Quantum fluctuation of light limits the sensitivity of advanced laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. It is one of the principal obstacles on the way towards the next-generation gravitational-wave observatories. The envisioned…
Coating thermal noise is a fundamental limit for precision experiments based on optical and quantum transducers. In this review, after a brief overview of the techniques for coating thermal noise measurements, we present the latest…
High-quality quantum oscillators are preferred for precision sensing of external physical parameter because if the noise level due to interactions with the environment is too high, metrological information can be lost due to quantum…