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Related papers: Predicting the Amount of GDPR Fines

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Policymakers worldwide draft privacy laws that require trading-off between safeguarding consumer privacy and preventing economic loss to companies that use consumer data. However, little empirical knowledge exists as to how privacy laws…

General Economics · Economics 2021-10-20 Julia Schmitt , Klaus M. Miller , Bernd Skiera

In recent years, our society is being plagued by unprecedented levels of privacy and security breaches. To rein in this trend, the European Union, in 2018, introduced a comprehensive legislation called the General Data Protection Regulation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Supreeth Shastri , Melissa Wasserman , Vijay Chidambaram

Since its implementation in May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has prompted businesses to revisit and revise their data handling practices to ensure compliance. The privacy policy, which serves as the primary means of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Lu Zhang , Nabil Moukafih , Hamad Alamri , Gregory Epiphaniou , Carsten Maple

This paper introduces the strategic approach to regulating personal data and the normative foundations of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation ('GDPR'). We explain the genesis of the GDPR, which is best understood as an…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Chris Jay Hoofnagle , Bart van der Sloot , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius

With the arrival of the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), several companies are making significant changes to their systems to achieve compliance. The changes range from modifying privacy policies to redesigning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Jayashree Mohan , Melissa Wasserman , Vijay Chidambaram

This article examines the principles outlined in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the context of social network data. We provide both a practical guide to GDPR-compliant social network data processing, covering aspects such…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Andreas Kotsios , Matteo Magnani , Luca Rossi , Irina Shklovski , Davide Vega

In Europe and indeed worldwide, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides protection to individuals regarding their personal data in the face of new technological developments. GDPR is widely viewed as the benchmark for data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Damiano Torre , Mauricio Alferez , Ghanem Soltana , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Lionel Briand

The recently introduced General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is forcing several companies to make significant changes to their systems to achieve compliance. Motivated by the finding that more than 30% of GDPR articles are related to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Aashaka Shah , Vinay Banakar , Supreeth Shastri , Melissa Wasserman , Vijay Chidambaram

The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) mandates the principle of data minimization, which requires that only data necessary to fulfill a certain purpose be collected. However, it can often be difficult to determine the minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Abigail Goldsteen , Gilad Ezov , Ron Shmelkin , Micha Moffie , Ariel Farkash

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) calls for technical and organizational measures to support its implementation. Towards this end, the SPECIAL H2020 project aims to provide a set of tools that can be used by data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Piero A. Bonatti , Sabrina Kirrane , Iliana M. Petrova , Luigi Sauro

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union is the most famous recently enacted privacy regulation. Despite of the regulation's legal, political, and technological ramifications, relatively little research has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Kalle Hjerppe , Jukka Ruohonen , Ville Leppänen

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) becomes a standard law for data protection in many countries. Currently, twelve countries adopt the regulation and establish their GDPR-like regulation. However, to evaluate the differences and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Kornraphop Kawintiranon , Yaguang Liu

Modern software has been an integral part of everyday activities in many disciplines and application contexts. Introducing intelligent automation by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) led to break-throughs in many fields. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Sallam Abualhaija , Marcello Ceci , Lionel Briand

Digital data continues to grow, there has been a shift towards using effective regulatory mechanisms to safeguard personal information. The CCPA of California and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union are two…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Raj Sonani , Lohalekar Prayas

Since May 2018, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has introduced new obligations to industries. By setting a legal framework, it notably imposes strong transparency on the use of personal data. Thus, people must be informed of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-28 Dimitri Delcaillau , Antoine Ly , Franck Vermet , Alizé Papp

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is considered as the benchmark in the European Union (EU) for privacy and data protection standards. Since before its entry into force in 2018, substantial research has been conducted in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Orlando Amaral Cejas , Nicolas Sannier , Sallam Abualhaija , Marcello Ceci , Domenico Bianculli

Specifying legal requirements for software systems to ensure their compliance with the applicable regulations is a major concern to requirements engineering (RE). Personal data which is collected by an organization is often shared with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Muhammad Ilyas Azeem , Sallam Abualhaija

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) aims to ensure that all personal data processing activities are fair and transparent for the European Union (EU) citizens, regardless of whether these are carried out within the EU or anywhere…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Danny S. Guamán , Xavier Ferrer , Jose M. del Alamo , Jose Such

Free and open source software has gained a lot of momentum in the industry and the research community. The latest advances in privacy legislation, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Georgia M. Kapitsaki , Maria Papoutsoglou

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) remains the gold standard in privacy and security regulation. We investigate how the cost and effort required to implement GDPR is viewed by workers who have also experienced the regulations'…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Gerard Buckley , Tristan Caulfield , Ingolf Becker