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The hard edge and bulk scaling limits of $\beta$-ensembles are described by the stochastic Bessel and sine operators, which are respectively a random Sturm-Liouville operator and a random Dirac operator. By representing both operators as…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Vincent Painchaud

The stochastic Airy and sine operators, which are respectively a random Sturm-Liouville operator and a random Dirac operator, characterize the soft edge and bulk scaling limits of $\beta$-ensembles. Dirac and Sturm-Liouville operators are…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Vincent Painchaud , Elliot Paquette

We know from Ram{\'i}rez and Rider that the hard edge of the spectrum of the Beta-Laguerre ensemble converges, in the high-dimensional limit, to the bottom of the spectrum of the stochastic Bessel operator. Using stochastic analysis…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-22 Hugo Magaldi

Ram\'irez and Rider (2009) established that the hard edge of the spectrum of the $\beta$-Laguerre ensemble converges, in the high-dimensional limit, to the bottom of the spectrum of the stochastic Bessel operator. Using stochastic analysis…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Laure Dumaz , Hugo Magaldi

We study the scaling limit of the spectrum of the \beta-Jacobi ensemble at the soft-edge and hard-edge for general values of \beta. We show that the limiting point processes correspond respectively to the stochastic Airy and Bessel point…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-04 Diane Holcomb , Gregorio R. Moreno Flores

The local eigenvalue statistics of large random matrices near a hard edge transitioning into a soft edge are described by the Bessel process associated with a large parameter $\alpha$. For this point process, we obtain 1) exponential moment…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-04-26 Christophe Charlier , Jonatan Lenells

The $\beta$ ensembles are a class of eigenvalue probability densities which generalise the invariant ensembles of classical random matrix theory. In the case of the Gaussian and Laguerre weights, the corresponding eigenvalue densities are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-12-20 Peter J. Forrester , Allan K. Trinh

Let $\Lambda=\{\Lambda_0,\Lambda_1,\Lambda_2,\ldots\}$ be the point process that describes the edge scaling limit of either (i) "regular" beta-ensembles with inverse temperature $\beta>0$, or (ii) the top eigenvalues of Wishart or Gaussian…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Pierre Yves Gaudreau Lamarre

We establish universality at the hard edge for general beta ensembles provided that the background potential V is a polynomial such that x -> V(x^2) is uniformly convex and beta is larger than or equal to one. The method rests on the…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-10-07 Brian Rider , Patrick Waters

We prove an operator level limit for the circular Jacobi $\beta$-ensemble. As a result, we characterize the counting function of the limit point process via coupled systems of stochastic differential equations. We also show that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-26 Yun Li , Benedek Valkó

We consider Hermite and Laguerre $\beta$-ensembles of large $N\times N$ random matrices. For all $\beta$ even, corrections to the limiting global density are obtained, and the limiting density at the soft edge is evaluated. We use the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-08-13 Patrick Desrosiers , Peter J. Forrester

We study probabilities of various rare events for the limiting point process that appears at the random matrix hard edge. We also show a transition from hard edge to bulk behavior. Asymptotic events studied include a central limit theorem…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-11-22 Diane Holcomb

We prove that the spectrum of the stochastic Airy operator is rigid in the sense of Ghosh and Peres (Duke Math. J., 166(10):1789--1858, 2017) for Dirichlet and Robin boundary conditions. This proves the rigidity of the Airy-$\beta$ point…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Pierre Yves Gaudreau Lamarre , Promit Ghosal , Wenxuan Li , Yuchen Liao

Softmax routing approaches hard top-1 routing as the temperature tends to zero, but the limiting passage is singular at router ties. This paper develops a boundary-layer calculus for this soft-to-hard limit in population squared-loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Reza Rastegar

We establish various small deviation inequalities for the extremal (soft edge) eigenvalues in the beta-Hermite and beta-Laguerre ensembles. In both settings, upper bounds on the variance of the largest eigenvalue of the anticipated order…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-12-31 Michel Ledoux , Brian Rider

Consider random Schr\"odinger operators $H_n$ defined on $[0,n]\cap\mathbb{Z}$ with zero boundary conditions: $$ (H_n\psi)_\ell=\psi_{\ell-1}+\psi_{\ell+1}+\sigma\frac{\mathfrak{a}(\ell)}{n^{\alpha}}\psi_{\ell},\quad \ell=1,\cdots,n,\quad…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Yi Han

We find the universal limiting correlation kernels of the Muttalib-Borodin (MB) ensembles with integer parameter $\theta \geq 2$ at $0$ in the transitive regime between the hard edge regime and the soft edge regime. This generalizes the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Dong Wang , Shuai-Xia Xu

Using Hankel operators and shift-invariant subspaces on Hilbert space, this paper develops the theory of the operators associated with soft and hard edges of eigenvalue distributions of random matrices. Tracy and Widom introduced a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-24 Gordon Blower

We study the level statistics of one-dimensional Schr\"odinger operator with random potential decaying like $x^{-\alpha}$ at infinity. We consider the point process $\xi_L$ consisting of the rescaled eigenvalues and show that : (i)(ac…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-01-15 Shinichi Kotani , Fumihiko Nakano

In this article a unified approach to iterative soft-thresholding algorithms for the solution of linear operator equations in infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces is presented. We formulate the algorithm in the framework of generalized…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2010-10-26 Kristian Bredies , Dirk A. Lorenz
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