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Digit, letter and word recognition for a particular script has various applications in todays commercial contexts. Nevertheless, only a limited number of relevant studies have dealt with Persian scripts. In this paper, deep neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Mehdi Bonyani , Simindokht Jahangard , Morteza Daneshmand

Recognition of handwritten Bangla compound characters remains a challenging problem due to complex character structures, large intra-class variation, and limited availability of high-quality annotated data. Existing Bangla handwritten…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Md. Sultan Al Rayhan

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing the cultural competence of large language models (LLMs) in Persian. Existing Persian cultural benchmarks rely predominantly on multiple-choice formats and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Reihaneh Iranmanesh , Saeedeh Davoudi , Pasha Abrishamchian , Ophir Frieder , Nazli Goharian

Urdu toxic span detection remains limited because most existing systems rely on sentence-level classification and fail to identify the specific toxic spans within those text. It is further exacerbated by the multiple factors i.e. lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Inayat Arshad , Fajar Saleem , Ijaz Hussain

The recognition of cursive script is regarded as a subtle task in optical character recognition due to its varied representation. Every cursive script has different nature and associated challenges. As Urdu is one of cursive language that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-17 Saad Bin Ahmed , Saeeda Naz , Salahuddin Swati , Muhammad Imran Razzak

Research in Natural Language Processing (NLP) has increasingly become important due to applications such as text classification, text mining, sentiment analysis, POS tagging, named entity recognition, textual entailment, and many others.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Istiak Ahmad , Fahad AlQurashi , Rashid Mehmood

Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) is a natural language processing task with the objective to classify text documents into a set of classes from a structured class hierarchy. Many HTC approaches have been proposed which attempt to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Jaco du Toit , Herman Redelinghuys , Marcel Dunaiski

We introduce a new dataset for offline Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) from images of Bangla scripts comprising words, lines, and document-level annotations. The BN-HTRd dataset is based on the BBC Bangla News corpus, meant to act as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Md. Ataur Rahman , Nazifa Tabassum , Mitu Paul , Riya Pal , Mohammad Khairul Islam

Word embedding or vector representation of word holds syntactical and semantic characteristics of a word which can be an informative feature for any machine learning-based models of natural language processing. There are several deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Rifat Rahman

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of deep learning techniques for tasks in natural language processing (NLP), with sentiment analysis being one of the most challenging areas, particularly in the Persian language. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Mohammad Heydari , Mohsen Khazeni , Mohammad Ali Soltanshahi

Classifying text is a method for categorizing documents into pre-established groups. Text documents must be prepared and represented in a way that is appropriate for the algorithms used for data mining prior to classification. As a result,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Esra'a Alhenawi , Ruba Abu Khurma , Pedro A. Castillo , Maribel G. Arenas

Topic detection is a complex process and depends on language because it somehow needs to analyze text. There have been few studies on topic detection in Persian, and the existing algorithms are not remarkable. Therefore, we aimed to study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Elnaz Zafarani-Moattar , Mohammad Reza Kangavari , Amir Masoud Rahmani

Online hatred is a growing concern on many social media platforms. To address this issue, different social media platforms have introduced moderation policies for such content. They also employ moderators who can check the posts violating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Mithun Das , Somnath Banerjee , Punyajoy Saha

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly mediate human communication, decision support, content creation, and information retrieval. Despite impressive fluency, these systems frequently produce biased or stereotypical content, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Muneeb Ur Raheem Khan

Scene text recognition in low-resource Indian languages is challenging because of complexities like multiple scripts, fonts, text size, and orientations. In this work, we investigate the power of transfer learning for all the layers of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Sanjana Gunna , Rohit Saluja , C. V. Jawahar

Word segmentation plays a pivotal role in improving any Arabic NLP application. Therefore, a lot of research has been spent in improving its accuracy. Off-the-shelf tools, however, are: i) complicated to use and ii) domain/dialect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Hassan Sajjad , Fahim Dalvi , Nadir Durrani , Ahmed Abdelali , Yonatan Belinkov , Stephan Vogel

Due to an information explosion on the internet, there is a need for the development of aggregated search systems that can boost the retrieval and management of content in various formats. To further improve the clustering of Arabic text…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Sara Saad Soliman , Ahmed Younes , Islam Elkabani , Ashraf Elsayed

The integration of new literature into the English curriculum remains a challenge since educators often lack scalable tools to rapidly evaluate readability and adapt texts for diverse classroom needs. This study proposes to address this gap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jordan J. Bird

Fully data-driven, deep learning-based models are usually designed as language-independent and have been shown to be successful for many natural language processing tasks. However, when the studied language is low-resourced and the amount…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Şaziye Betül Özateş , Arzucan Özgür , Tunga Güngör , Balkız Öztürk

Even in the era of Deep Learning based methods, traditional machine learning methods with large data sets continue to attract significant attention. However, we find an apparent lack of a detailed performance characterization of these…

Performance · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Harsh Kumar , R. Govindarajan