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Contact (or mixing, or more generally connectivity) matrices are a fundamental component of modelling and inference for infectious disease epidemiology. Their structure and parametrisation directly accounts for the frequency of interactions…

The modeling of the spreading of communicable diseases has experienced significant advances in the last two decades or so. This has been possible due to the proliferation of data and the development of new methods to gather, mine and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-09-09 Alberto Aleta , Guilherme Ferraz de Arruda , Yamir Moreno

Capturing the structured mixing within a population is key to the reliable projection of infectious disease dynamics and hence informed control. Both heterogeneity in the number of contacts and age-structured mixing have been repeatedly…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Luke Murray Kearney , Emma L Davis , Matt J Keeling

Since a significant amount of disease transmission occurs through human-to-human or social contact, understanding who interacts with whom in time and space is essential for disease transmission modeling, prediction, and assessment of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-03 Mahdi M. Najafabadi , Ali Asgary , Mohammadali Tofighi , Ghassem Tofighi

I study the spreading of infectious diseases on heterogeneous populations. I represent the population structure by a contact-graph where vertices represent agents and edges represent disease transmission channels among them. The population…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-13 Alexei Vazquez

Contact matrices have become a key ingredient of modern epidemic models. They account for the stratification of contacts for the age of individuals and, in some cases, the context of their interactions. However, age and context are not the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-07-03 Adriana Manna , Lorenzo Dall'Amico , Michele Tizzoni , Marton Karsai , Nicola Perra

Network--based epidemic models that account for heterogeneous contact patterns are extensively used to predict and control the diffusion of infectious diseases. We use census and survey data to reconstruct a geo--referenced and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Alessandro Celestini , Francesca Colaiori , Stefano Guarino , Enrico Mastrostefano , Lena Rebecca Zastrow

The integration of empirical data in computational frameworks to model the spread of infectious diseases poses challenges that are becoming pressing with the increasing availability of high-resolution information on human mobility and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2013-04-24 Anna Machens , Francesco Gesualdo , Caterina Rizzo , Alberto E Tozzi , Alain Barrat , Ciro Cattuto

Capturing the structure of a population and characterising contacts within the population are key to reliable projections of infectious disease. Two main elements of population structure -- contact heterogeneity and age -- have been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-17 Luke Murray Kearney , Emma L. Davis , Matt J. Keeling

Mathematical models have been used to understand the spread patterns of infectious diseases such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The transmission component of the models can be modelled in an age-dependent manner via introducing…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-15 Evans Kiptoo Korir , Zsolt Vizi

Socio-demographic factors influence social contact patterns and play a fundamental role in shaping the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases. However, compartment-based models of infectious disease dynamics commonly consider the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-15 Vincent X. Lomas , Tim Chambers , Leighton Watson , Michael Plank

Social contact matrices are essential tools in infectious disease epidemiology as they quantify close-range human contact patterns which directly drive the transmission of airborne infectious diseases. In this work we propose a Bayesian…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Shozen Dan , David A. van Dyk , Zhi Ling , Swapnil Mishra , Oliver Ratmann

Social contact studies, investigating social contact patterns in a population sample, have been an important contribution for epidemic models to better fit real life epidemics. A contact matrix $M$, having the \emph{mean} number of contacts…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-15 Tom Britton , Frank Ball

Contact matrices are a commonly adopted data representation, used to develop compartmental models for epidemic spreading, accounting for the contact heterogeneities across age groups. Their estimation, however, is generally time and effort…

Understanding how age-specific social contact patterns and susceptibility influence infectious disease transmission is crucial for accurate epidemic modeling. This study presents an eigenvector-based sensitivity analysis framework to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-21 Evans Kiptoo Korir , Zsolt Vizi

Infectious disease modeling is used to forecast epidemics and assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies. Although the core assumption of mass-action models of homogeneously mixed population is often implausible, they are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-29 Thien-Minh Le , Jukka-Pekka Onnela

Human mobility forms the backbone of contact patterns through which infectious diseases propagate, fundamentally shaping the spatio-temporal dynamics of epidemics and pandemics. While traditional models are often based on the assumption…

Contact matrices are an important ingredient in age-structured epidemic models to inform the simulated spread of the disease between sub-groups of the population. These matrices are generally derived using resource-intensive diary-based…

Accounting for population age structure and age-specific contact patterns is crucial for accurate modelling of human infectious disease dynamics and impact. A common approach is to use contact matrices, which estimate the number of contacts…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-25 Caleb Sullivan , Pubudu Senanayake , Michael J. Plank

Background: Human-to-human transmission of pathogens fundamentally depends on interactions among infectious and susceptible individuals, yet traditional population-scale models often overlook the stochastic, behaviour-driven, and highly…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-20 Matthijs Romeijnders , Michiel van Boven , Debabrata Panja
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