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The classical simulation of quantum circuits is of central importance for benchmarking near-term quantum devices. The fact that gates belonging to the Clifford group can be simulated efficiently on classical computers has motivated a range…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Tomislav Begušić , Kasra Hejazi , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

We give quantum circuits that simulate an arbitrary two-qubit unitary operator up to global phase. For several quantum gate libraries we prove that gate counts are optimal in worst and average cases. Our lower and upper bounds compare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Vivek V. Shende , Igor L. Markov , Stephen S. Bullock

We present a framework for upper bounding the number of iterations required by first-order optimization algorithms implementing constrained LQR controllers. We derive new bounds for the condition number and extremal eigenvalues of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-02-07 Ian McInerney , Eric C. Kerrigan , George A. Constantinides

Today's experimental noisy quantum processors can compete with and surpass all known algorithms on state-of-the-art supercomputers for the computational benchmark task of Random Circuit Sampling [1-5]. Additionally, a circuit-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 K. Kechedzhi , S. V. Isakov , S. Mandrà , B. Villalonga , X. Mi , S. Boixo , V. Smelyanskiy

Verification of NISQ era quantum devices demands fast classical simulation of large noisy quantum circuits. We present an algorithm based on the stabilizer formalism that can efficiently simulate noisy stabilizer circuits. Additionally, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Patrick Rall

Quantum simulations of chemistry in first quantization offer important advantages over approaches in second quantization including faster convergence to the continuum limit and the opportunity for practical simulations outside the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-02 Yuan Su , Dominic W. Berry , Nathan Wiebe , Nicholas Rubin , Ryan Babbush

Stabilizer simulation can efficiently simulate an important class of quantum circuits consisting exclusively of Clifford gates. However, all existing extensions of this simulation to arbitrary quantum circuits including non-Clifford gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Benjamin Bichsel , Anouk Paradis , Maximilian Baader , Martin Vechev

Recently, the development of quantum chips has made great progress-- the number of qubits is increasing and the fidelity is getting higher. However, qubits of these chips are not always fully connected, which sets additional barriers for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Xin Zhang , Hong Xiang , Tao Xiang , Li Fu , Jun Sang

Simulating large-scale coupled-oscillator systems presents substantial computational challenges for classical algorithms, particularly when pursuing first-principles analyses in the thermodynamic limit. Motivated by the quantum algorithm…

We show that several quantum circuit families can be simulated efficiently classically if it is promised that their output distribution is approximately sparse i.e. the distribution is close to one where only a polynomially small, a priori…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-28 Martin Schwarz , Maarten Van den Nest

Proposals for near-term experiments in quantum chemistry on quantum computers leverage the ability to target a subset of degrees of freedom containing the essential quantum behavior, sometimes called the active space. This approximation…

Simulating noisy quantum circuits is vital in designing and verifying quantum algorithms in the current NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era, where quantum noise is unavoidable. However, it is much more inefficient than the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-27 Mingyu Huang , Ji Guan , Wang Fang , Mingsheng Ying

We report a first-of-its-kind analysis on post-Trotter simulation of U(1), SU(2) and SU(3) lattice gauge theories including fermions in arbitrary spatial dimension. We provide explicit circuit constructions as well as T-gate counts and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-08 Mason L. Rhodes , Michael Kreshchuk , Shivesh Pathak

Quantum entanglement is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, yet certain entangled states that are unsteerable can be classically simulated in steering scenarios, making them unable to exhibit quantum steering. Despite their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Yujie Zhang , Jiaxuan Zhang , Eric Chitambar

Simulating correlated materials on present-day quantum hardware remains challenging due to limited quantum resources. Quantum embedding methods offer a promising route by reducing computational complexity through the mapping of bulk systems…

Simulating quantum algorithms with classical resources generally requires exponential resources. However, heuristic classical approaches are often very efficient in approximately simulating special circuit structures, for example with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-17 Bjarni Jónsson , Bela Bauer , Giuseppe Carleo

In quantum computation every unitary operation can be decomposed into quantum circuits-a series of single-qubit rotations and a single type entangling two-qubit gates, such as controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. Two measures are important when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-07 Martin Plesch , Časlav Brukner

We study methods to replace entangling operations with random local operations in a quantum computation, at the cost of increasing the number of required executions. First, we consider "space-like cuts" where an entangling unitary is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Aram W. Harrow , Angus Lowe

Variational Quantum algorithms, especially Quantum Approximate Optimization and Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) have established their potential to provide computational advantage in the realm of combinatorial optimization. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Dheeraj Peddireddy , Utkarsh Priyam , Vaneet Aggarwal

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are vital for assessing potential quantum advantage and benchmarking devices, yet they require sophisticated methods to avoid the exponential growth of resources. Tensor network approaches, in…