Related papers: Electric charge quantization in 331 Models with ex…
We introduce four fundamental quantum numbers based on the $D_4$ root system, giving a unified description of quarks and leptons. These numbers will make it possible to define electric charge in a simple way. By postulating a fundamental…
The phase diagram of non-compact lattice QED in four dimensions with staggered fermions of charges 1 and $-1/2$ is investigated. The renormalized charges are determined and found to be in agreement with perturbation theory. This is an…
With appropriate gauge transformations, field can replace electric charge in quarks. Classical quarks, in a necessary non-gauge invariant formulation, are used for illustration, bringing to the fore the limitations of the usual electric…
The purpose of this paper is to show that, under certain restrictions, we can take a Dirac-Aharonov-Bohm potential as a pure gauge field. We argue that a modified quantization condition comes out for the electric charge that may open up the…
We present new techniques for finding anomaly-free sets of fermions. Although the anomaly cancellation conditions typically include cubic equations with integer variables that cannot be solved in general, we prove by construction that any…
Despite the enormous achievements, the Standard model of Particle physics can not be consider as complete theory of fundamental interactions. Among other things, it can not describe the gravitational interaction and it depends on 19…
We establish the non-perturbative validity of the gauge anomaly cancellation condition in an effective electroweak theory of massless fermions with finite momentum cut-off and Fermi interaction. The requirement that the current is conserved…
We investigate how neutrinos may acquire small electric charges within the Standard Model framework while preserving electromagnetic gauge invariance. Instead of gauging the standard hypercharge generator $Y$, a linear combination of $Y$…
A phenomenon of classical quantization is discussed. This is revealed in the class of pseudoclassical gauge systems with nonlinear nilpotent constraints containing some free parameters. Variation of parameters does not change local (gauge)…
Fractional quantum Hall quasiparticles are famous for having fractional electric charge. Recent experiments report that the quasiparticles' effective electric charge determined through tunneling current noise measurements can depend on the…
Electrons have three quantized properties -- charge, spin, and Fermi statistics -- that are directly responsible for a vast array of phenomena. Here we show how these properties can be coherently and dynamically stripped from the electron…
The Standard Model of electroweak interactions is shown to include a gauge theory for the observed scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. This is done by exploiting the consequences of embedding the SU(2)left X U(1) group into the chiral group of…
We discuss three possible ways to address quantum physics behind chiral magnetic effect and electric charge fluctuation patterns in heavy ion collisions. The first one makes use of P-parity violation probed by local order parameters, the…
The Peccei-Quinn ($PQ$) mechanism is applied to the $\mathrm{SU(3)_c \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X}$ model with $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry. The structures in the $PQ$ charges of all fermions and scalar fields in the model are investigated by…
A detailed and general study of the fermionic structure of the 331 models with \beta arbitrary is carried out based on the criterion of cancellation of anomalies. We consider models with an arbitrary number of lepton and quark generations,…
The extended exotic planar model for a charged particle is constructed. It includes a Chern-Simons-like term for a dynamical electric field, but produces usual equations of motion for the particle in background constant uniform electric and…
We discuss extensions of the Standard Model through extending the electroweak gauge symmetry. An extended electroweak symmetry requires a list of extra fermionic and scalar states. The former is necessary to maintain cancellation of gauge…
We examine a covariant quantization of electromagnetic fields by using an operator derived from a constant scalar that can be called extended Lorentz gauge. The quantization can avoid an inconsistency between Lorentz gauge and a commutation…
In this work we explore the possibility to fix the number of new non-sequential chiral-type generations of fermions that could be added to the standard model by combining the condition that arise from the anomalies cancellation with the…
Quantization of electromagnetic fields is investigated in the framework of stochastic variational method (SVM). Differently from the canonical quantization, this method does not require canonical form and quantization can be performed…